theories and proponents

Wilhelm Wundt

Founder of modern psychology.

Titchener

Proponent of Structuralism psychology.

William James, G. Stanley Hall, James M. Cattell

Promote Functionalism psychology.

Charles Darwin

Applied theories to mental characteristics in humans, linked to evolutionary psychology.

Herman Ebbinghaus

Known for Associationism psychology.

Edwin Guthrie

Influential in stimulus and response theory, known for temporal contiguity.

Edward Lee Thorndike

Introduced concepts such as 'Satisfaction,' 'the law of effect,' and connectionism.

Ivan Pavlov

Known for studying involuntary behavior and classical conditioning.

Max Wertheimer

Founder of Gestalt psychology.

Otto Loewi

Discovered 'acetylcholine,' responsible for muscle stimulation.

Ulf von Euler

Discovered 'norepinephrine,' which brings the nervous system into high alert.

Arvid Carlsson

Discovered 'dopamine,' related to reward mechanisms in the brain.

Jean Piaget

Key figure in cognitive development and information processing theory.

Sigmund Freud

Founder of psychoanalysis, known for psychosexual concepts.

Erik Erikson

Known for psychosocial development theory.

Lawrence Kohlberg

Proposed stages of moral development.

Burrhus Frederic Skinner

Developed the theory of operant conditioning.

Albert Bandura

Known for social learning theory and neo-behaviorism.

Robert Gagne

Developed the sequence of instruction in education.

Abraham Maslow

Created the hierarchy of needs and motivation theory.

William Kohler

Known for insight learning.

Robert Havighurst

Developed the development task theory.

Benjamin Bloom

Created Bloom's cognitive taxonomy.

Simpsons / Anita Harrow

Contributed to the psychomotor domain in education.

David Krathwohl

Developed the affective domain framework in education.

Jerome Bruner

Advocated constructivism and spiral curriculum.

Lev Vygotsky

Proposed the socio-cultural theory of cognitive development and scaffolding.

Edgar Dale

Developed the Cone of experience.

Kohler, Koffka, Wertheimer

Key figures in the development of Gestalt psychology.

John Locke

Known for the concept of tabula rasa and empiricism.

Howard Gardner

Known for the theory of multiple intelligences.

Noam Chomsky

Father of linguistics, developed language acquisition theory.

David Ausubel

Known for meaningful learning and graphic organizers.

Charles Cooley

Developed the looking glass self theory.

John Flavel

Pioneer in the study of metacognition.

Sandra Bem

Introduced the gender schema theory.

Elliot Turriel

Known for the social domain theory.

Robert Sternberg

Proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence.

John Watson

Known for foundational behavioral theory.

Maria Montessori

Developed methods for the transfer of learning in early childhood education.

Edward Tolman

Developed purposive behaviorism and goal-oriented behavior.

Edward Torrance

Known for creative problem solving techniques.

Bernard Weiner

Developed the attribution theory.

Daniel Goleman

Known for his work on emotional intelligence.

Wolfgang Ratke

Utilized vernacular for teaching approaches.

Mencius

Prominent figure in idealism in Confucianism.

Hsun Tzu

Recognized for the realistic wing of Confucianism.

Taoism

Philosophy linked with Lao Tzu.

Herbart Spencer

Contributed theories on moral development.

Pestalozzi

Known for advocating symmetrical and harmonious development of children.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Explored the nature of the child in education.

Arnold Gesell

Known for the maturation theory.

John Dewey

Promoted learning by doing in education.

David Froebel

Known as the father of kindergarten.

John Bowlby

Developed attachment theory.

Edward Boro

Known for the Six Thinking Hats Theory.

Auguste Comte

Recognized as the father of sociology.

Carlos Linnaeus

Considered the father of modern taxonomy.

John Amos Comenius

Recognized as the father of modern education.

Erasmus Desiderius

Known as the father of humanism/social humanism.

William Kilpatrick

Known for the project method in education.

Idealism

Philosophical theory associated with Plato.

Realism

Philosophical theory associated with Aristotle.

Empiricism

Philosophical theory associated with John Locke.

Pragmatism

Philosophical theory associated with John Dewey.

Existentialism

Philosophical theory associated with Hegel.

Philosophical Analysis

Philosophical school associated with Moore.

Essentialism

A philosophy that focuses on essential knowledge.