Biology 288-Lecture 6

studied byStudied by 2 people
4.0(1)
Get a hint
Hint

What is the relationship between DNA and heredity?

1 / 30

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

Cell Biology

31 Terms

1

What is the relationship between DNA and heredity?

Heredity information is coded for by DNA

New cards
2

Before it was discovered that DNA coded for genetic information, what was the initial assumption?

It was assumed that proteins coded for genetic information

New cards
3

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine are the nucleotides which make up the DNA backbone, how do these differ from the nucleotides found in RNA and proteins?

They thymine in RNA is replaced by a Uracil group instead

New cards
4

What type of bonds hold together the DNA backbone?

Phosphodiester bonds

New cards
5

What kind of bonds hold the DNA bases together?

Hydrogen bonds

New cards
6

Which carbon is the nucleotide base bonded to?

The 1’ carbon

New cards
7

What molecule allows Uracil to replace Thymine during transcription from DNA-RNA?

BrDU

New cards
8

If a radiated base pair was added to a DNA sample prior to replication, and the radiation was detected in the newly synthesized DNA what does this indicate?

This indicates that the base pairs were incorporated into the DNA during replication

New cards
9

What is the main function of chromosomes?

Chromosomes organize and carry genetic information

New cards
10

What is the purpose of color coding chromosomes?

Allows us to differentiate between specific genes

New cards
11

What determines if a gene needs to be transcribed?

A cell

New cards
12

Which enzyme is responsible for starting the process of transcription?

The promoter

New cards
13

What is necessary in order for the promoter to recognize a certain area of a gene for transcription?

The promoter region

New cards
14

What is the promoter region?

Allows the transcription factor to bind DNA molecules and initiate transcription

New cards
15

is the duplication of more chromosomes than needed always lead to something bad?

Not always, it depends

New cards
16

What is the purpose of sexual reproduction

Genetic variation

New cards
17

Why does the cell store protein in excess prior to the initiation of cell division?

Because the proteins cannot be produced later during cell division

New cards
18

During replication, what is the first thing to be replicated?

The mitochondria

New cards
19

Why is the mitochondria replicated first during cell division?

Division requires a lot of energy from the cell

New cards
20

Before chromosme can divide they undergo _________.

Condensation

New cards
21

What is the function of the centromeres?

They bind to the center of the chromosme and allow the chromosomes to bind to the mitotic spindle

New cards
22

Why are proteins not divided equally between daughter cells when the cell divides?

They are divided based on need, some cells need more proteins than others

New cards
23

What is the main function of a stem cell?

Generate specialized cells

New cards
24

When a stem cell divides into 2, how many specialized cells will be produced?

Only 1

New cards
25

Why does stem cell division only produce one specialized cell?

The stem cell must keep one of the daughter cells undifferentiated in order to allow for the stem cell genes to be passed down

New cards
26

What is the function of telomeres?

Prevent chromosme ends from fusion and from being recognized as a site of DNA damage

New cards
27

What are telomeres composed of?

Purine repeats

New cards
28

How does a telomere prevent a chromosome from being cut?

It takes the damage instead

New cards
29

How can the length of a telomere be used to determine the age of a chromosome?

The more the cell replicates, the more it repairs so the more the telomeres take damage. Chromosome from older cells will typically be shorter as they have taken more damage

New cards
30

What is the downside of having telomeres which are shorter?

It impedes the cell’s ability to repair

New cards
31

If cells had more telomeres, they would be able to avoid damage longer and thus live longer, can we just incorporate telomeres into a cell in order to extend its life?

No, this hasn’t worked yet

New cards

Explore top notes

note Note
studied byStudied by 14 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 23 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
note Note
studied byStudied by 59 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 8 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 12 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
note Note
studied byStudied by 520 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)

Explore top flashcards

flashcards Flashcard96 terms
studied byStudied by 33 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(7)
flashcards Flashcard23 terms
studied byStudied by 3 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard96 terms
studied byStudied by 21 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard68 terms
studied byStudied by 2 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard85 terms
studied byStudied by 19 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard31 terms
studied byStudied by 7 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(2)
flashcards Flashcard20 terms
studied byStudied by 11 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)
flashcards Flashcard60 terms
studied byStudied by 9 people
Updated ... ago
5.0 Stars(1)