Biotechnology and Society

These flashcards cover essential concepts and terminologies related to biotechnology and its societal implications, creating a helpful tool for reviewing key topics before an exam.

What is biotechnology?

Biotechnology is the set of tools and techniques based on the processes and products derived from living organisms.

What is genetic engineering?

Genetic engineering is a technique that allows scientists to manipulate genes directly, moving them from one organism to another.

What are transgenic organisms?

Transgenic organisms are those which have had genes from a different species inserted into their genetic material.

How has biotechnology impacted medicine?

Biotechnology has led to safer vaccines, production of insulin, and the possibility of gene therapy to cure genetic conditions.

What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)?

IVF is a process where fertilization occurs outside the body in a laboratory, allowing for embryo implantation in the uterus.

What is tissue culture?

Tissue culture is a technique that involves growing plants from small portions of plant material under sterile conditions.

What ethical concerns are associated with biotechnology?

Ethical concerns include issues related to genetic modification of organisms, the rights of parents to choose traits of children, and the implications of genetic engineering.

What role do enzymes play in biotechnology?

Enzymes are used in biotechnology for various industrial processes, including the production of cheese, detergents, and processing of foods.

What is DNA fingerprinting?

DNA fingerprinting is a technique that identifies individuals' unique DNA patterns, which is useful in forensic science.

What is the Human Genome Project?

The Human Genome Project is an international research initiative aimed at mapping all the genes in the human genome.

How does biotechnology affect agriculture?

Biotechnology enables the development of genetically modified crops that are more resistant to pests and diseases, improving yield and sustainability.

What is the significance of recombinant DNA?

Recombinant DNA refers to DNA that has been artificially made by combining DNA from different organisms, allowing for new genetic traits.

What potential risks link to genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

Risks include the possibility of creating super-weeds, disrupting ecosystems, and unknown health effects.

Why is patenting in biotechnology controversial?

Patenting can limit access to genetic resources and create ethical dilemmas regarding ownership of living organisms.

What are hybridomas used for?

Hybridomas are fused cells used to produce large quantities of specific antibodies for diagnostic tests and treatments.

What are some applications of gene therapy?

Gene therapy aims to correct defective genes responsible for certain diseases by introducing healthy copies.