German Unification Review

What was the Congress of Vienna?

Meeting with European powers (FR,PRU, etc), aimed to restore order/stability in Europe after the Napoleonic wars

Who were the 5 key players in the Congress of Vienna?

Tsar Alexander I

King Frederick William III

Metternich

Castlereagh,

Tallyrand

What were the 5 principles in the Congress of Vienna?

1.France does not keep the land Napoleon got

2.Principle of Quarantine:

3.Principle of Legitimacy:

4.Quadruple Alliance:

5.Collective Security:

Why was France invited in the Congress of Vienna?

To establish old regime

Who was the emperor of Russia who was in the Congress of Vienna?

Tsar Alexander I

Who was the King of Prussia who was in the Congress of Vienna?

King Frederick Wiliam

What were the five great powers that were involved in the Congress of Vienna?

Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria and Prussia

What was the Principle of Quarantine?

Surround France with strong powers

What was the Principle of Legitimacy?

Bring back ruling families

What was the Quadruple Alliance?

P.E.A.R nations help each other

Who was in the Quadruple Alliance?

Prussia, England, Austria, Russia

What is Collective Security?

Every nation is responsible for peace

Who didn't have a vote in the Congress of Vienna among the key players?

Tallyrand

Why was the German Confederation of 39 states created?

Maintain balance and ensuring cooperation among German states

What was the German Confederation's old name?

Confederation of Rhine

Who had the most authority over German Confederation?

Austria

When was the German Confederation created?

Created in 1815 after the Congress of Vienna

Who established the Confederation of Rhine ?

Napoleon

What came before the Confederation of the Rhine?

Holy Roman Empire

Which territory was guaranteed neutrality by the Congress of Vienna?

Switzerland

Why did the territory stay neutral by the Congress of Vienna?

To avoid being drawn into European conflicts

Which key member had pets, specifically a monkey?

Tallyrand

Who was the Foreign minister of Britain?

Castlereagh

What was the Holy Alliance?

maintain the conservative order by promoting Christian values

Who came up with the idea of the Holy Alliance?

Tsar Alexander I

Who signs the Holy Alliance?

Russia, Prussia, and Austria

What agreement was known as a symbol of repression of anything liberal/revolutionary?

Holy Alliance

What was the purpose of the people who signed the Holy alliance?

Preserve their monarchies

Who was the Carlsbad Decrees aimed at?

College kids and professors

What happens due to a college killing an German official?

Metternich censors the press, monitored universities, and gets rid of student organizations to suppress radical ideas

Who created the Carlsbad Decrees?

Metternich

What was the first failure of the Metternich system?

Greek war of Independence

What was the different names in the Metternich system?

Concert system and Congress system

What was the Metternich system criticized for?

Ignoring liberal/nationalist beliefs

Who supported conservatism?

Traditional ruling classes, peasants, and romantic writers

What were the beliefs of Conservatism?

Order,society,state,faith, and tradition

To conservatives " society was hierarchical" what does this mean?

Different levels of authority or status.

Who is Lord Byron?

Martyr in Greece

What was the Metternich system known for?

Keeping peace

Which political ideology is known for "Need a good reason for change"?

Conservatives

What does "No rocking the boat" mean?

Maintain stability and balance of power

Why did Metternich not want to help the Greeks in getting their independence?

Opposed in helping order to prevent a new revolution and maintain stability

What are insurgents?

People who rebel against authority

What did the Moscow soldiers have to do when a new ruler occured?

Russian soldiers had to take a public oath to the new ruler

What is the title used for Russian emperors?

Czar or Tsar

What is the Moscow regiment?

Russian soldiers

Why was Nicholas not popular in becoming the next czar?

Seen as more reactionary

Who became the czar in the Decembrist Uprising?

Nicholas

What happen to the soldiers that didn't fight each other in the Decembrist Uprising?

Sent to Siberia for "hard labour"

Which serfdom was closer to slavery?

Russia serfdom

No political reform can happen without what class?

Middle class

Which country never had a middle class till recent history?

Russia

What were the Napoleonic wars?

conflicts led by Napoleon Bonaparte's French Empire

What is serfdom?

peasants were tied to the land and worked for landowners

The greeks were trying to gain independence from what empire?

Ottoman Empire

What is the first modern Russian rebellion to have clear political goals?

The Decembrist Uprising

Who led the ultra royalists?

Count of Artois

Who did Count of Artois later become?

He later becames King Charles X

What part of the political spectrum was King Charles X in?

far-right (conservative)

What was the White terror?

royalists killed former revolutionaries in post-Napoleonic France

Who was the nephew of Louis IX

Count of Artois

In the 1816 elections what were the ultra rejected?

Due to their extreme views and violent actions

What are moderate royalists?

Supported conservatism but not to a radical extent

What are ultra royalists/reactionaries ?

Support conservatism to a radical extent

Who is the son of Artois?

Duke of Berri

What did Louis XVIII react to the death of Duke of Berri?

Shifted the government towards conservatism, imposing censorship, and narrowing voting rights.

Who was Charles X's brother?

Louis XVIII

Which king restored the Bourbon monarchy?

Louis XVIII

What is the Chamber of Deputies?

lower house of the French leg. and represents the people.

Was Charles X's goals liberal or conservative?

Conservative

What revolution overthrown Charles X?

Barricades Revolution

What was Louis Philippe's nickname?

Citizen king

What class did Louis Philippe liked the most

Middle class

When did Louis Philippe get removed?

Revolutions of 1848

What side did Louis Philippe lean to?

Liberalism

Why did Louis Philippe favor the middle class?

To gain support from them to increase his political participation( how many vote for him )

What was the success story of 1830?

Belgian Revolution

What was the first country to industrialize? ( other than great britain)

Belgium

What is the Belgian Independence?

Belgium's separation from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands

What is the kings in order?

Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis Philippe, Louis Napoleon Bonarperate III

Which king got overthrown by the 1830 revolutions?

Charles X

Which king got overthrown by the 1840 revolutions?

Louis Philippe

Who is the nephew of THE NAPOLEON

Louis Napoleon

Who was the president of the second French Republic?

Louis Napoleon

Who was the president of the second French Republic?

Louis Napoleon

What is nationalism?

Love for one's country

What is historicism?

belief that understanding historical context is essential for interpreting events and ideas.

What caused the Carlsbad decrees?

The murder of Kotzebue

Who was the king of Prussia of 1848 revolutions?

Fredrick Wilhelm 4th

What were the long terms of the revolutions of 1848?

1.industrialization, 2.population doubled, 3.Ideological challenges

What were the short terms of the revolutions of 1848?

1.Farming crises, 2. Financial crises

What two nations did NOT have revolutions?

Great Britain and Russia

Name of Louis Napoleon's government?

2nd French Republic

Who succeeded Louis Philippe as president?

Louis Napoleon

Why was Charles X (10) removed?

Tried to bring back the old regime

What was the single Vienna success story?

Ending serfdom

What is Grossdeutschland?

Unified Germany with Austria ( Big German)

What is Kleindeutschland?

Unified Germany without Austria (Little Germany)

What is Volksgeist?

Spirit of the people

What is Weltgeist?

World spirit