5. Hypertension, Heart Failure, and Angina

What is the brand name for benazepril?

Lotensin

What is the generic name for Lotensin?

Benazepril

What drug class is benazepril?

ACE inhibitor

What common suffix identifies many ACE inhibitors?

-pril

What is the brand name for ramipril?

Altace

What is the generic name for Altace?

Ramipril

What drug class is ramipril?

ACE inhibitor

What is the brand name for lisinopril?

Prinivil, Zestril

What is the generic name for Prinivil?

Lisinopril

What is the generic name for Zestril?

Lisinopril

What drug class is lisinopril?

ACE inhibitor

What is the brand name for enalapril?

Vasotec

What is the generic name for Vasotec?

Enalapril

What drug class is enalapril?

ACE inhibitor

What is the brand name for quinapril?

Accupril

What is the generic name for Accupril?

Quinapril

What drug class is quinapril?

ACE inhibitor

What are ACE inhibitors commonly used to treat?

Hypertension and heart failure

What additional benefit can ACE inhibitors provide in selected patients?

Kidney protection

What classic adverse effect is associated with ACE inhibitors?

Dry cough

What electrolyte abnormality can ACE inhibitors cause?

Hyperkalemia

What blood pressure effect can ACE inhibitors cause?

Hypotension

What organ function can change with ACE inhibitor therapy?

Renal function

What rare serious reaction can ACE inhibitors cause?

Angioedema

Are ACE inhibitors contraindicated in pregnancy?

Yes

Should ACE inhibitors routinely be combined with ARBs?

No

Why should potassium supplements be used cautiously with ACE inhibitors?

They can increase the risk of hyperkalemia

Why should potassium-containing salt substitutes be used cautiously with ACE inhibitors?

They can increase the risk of hyperkalemia

Why should potassium-sparing diuretics be used cautiously with ACE inhibitors?

They can increase the risk of hyperkalemia

What is the memory key for ACE inhibitors?

-PRIL = ACE inhibitor; used for hypertension, heart failure, and kidney protection in selected patients

Which drug matches Lotensin?

Benazepril — ACE inhibitor

Which drug matches Altace?

Ramipril — ACE inhibitor

Which drug matches Prinivil/Zestril?

Lisinopril — ACE inhibitor

Which drug matches Vasotec?

Enalapril — ACE inhibitor

Which drug matches Accupril?

Quinapril — ACE inhibitor

What is the brand name for irbesartan?

Avapro

What is the generic name for Avapro?

Irbesartan

What drug class is irbesartan?

ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

What is the brand name for olmesartan?

Benicar

What is the generic name for Benicar?

Olmesartan

What drug class is olmesartan?

ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

What is the brand name for losartan?

Cozaar

What is the generic name for Cozaar?

Losartan

What drug class is losartan?

ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

What is the brand name for valsartan?

Diovan

What is the generic name for Diovan?

Valsartan

What drug class is valsartan?

ARB (angiotensin II receptor blocker)

What common suffix identifies many ARBs?

-sartan

What is the brand name for sacubitril/valsartan?

Entresto

What drugs are contained in Entresto?

Sacubitril and valsartan

What drug class is sacubitril/valsartan?

ARNI (angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor)

What component of Entresto is a neprilysin inhibitor?

Sacubitril

What component of Entresto is an ARB?

Valsartan

What common electrolyte abnormality can ARBs cause?

Hyperkalemia

What blood pressure effect can ARBs cause?

Hypotension

What organ function can change with ARB therapy?

Renal function

Are ARBs contraindicated in pregnancy?

Yes

Is cough more or less common with ARBs than with ACE inhibitors?

Less common

Should Entresto be combined with an ACE inhibitor?

No

How long of a washout is required when switching between an ACE inhibitor and Entresto?

36 hours

Why is a 36-hour washout required between an ACE inhibitor and Entresto?

To reduce the risk of angioedema

What is the memory key for ARBs?

-SARTAN = ARB; similar to ACE inhibitors but cough is less common

What is the memory key for Entresto?

Entresto = neprilysin inhibitor + ARB

Which drug matches Avapro?

Irbesartan — ARB

Which drug matches Benicar?

Olmesartan — ARB

Which drug matches Cozaar?

Losartan — ARB

Which drug matches Diovan?

Valsartan — ARB

Which drug matches Entresto?

Sacubitril/valsartan — ARNI

What is the brand name for hydralazine?

Apresoline

What is the generic name for Apresoline?

Hydralazine

What drug class is hydralazine?

Direct vasodilator

What is the brand name for isosorbide mononitrate?

Imdur

What is the generic name for Imdur?

Isosorbide mononitrate

What drug class is isosorbide mononitrate?

Nitrate vasodilator

What drug class is isosorbide dinitrate?

Nitrate vasodilator

What is the brand name for nitroglycerin?

Nitrostat and other Nitro- products

What is the generic name for Nitrostat?

Nitroglycerin

What drug class is nitroglycerin?

Nitrate vasodilator

What are nitrates commonly used to treat?

Angina

What is the brand name for nitroprusside?

Nitropress

What is the generic name for Nitropress?

Nitroprusside

What drug class is nitroprusside?

Direct vasodilator

What is the brand name for clonidine?

Catapres

What is the generic name for Catapres?

Clonidine

What drug class is clonidine?

Central alpha-2 agonist

What is the main therapeutic action of nitrates?

Vasodilation

What dangerous interaction occurs between nitrates and PDE-5 inhibitors?

Life-threatening hypotension

Which PDE-5 inhibitors should not be combined with nitrates?

Sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil

What can happen if nitroglycerin is taken with sildenafil?

Life-threatening hypotension

What can happen if nitroglycerin is taken with tadalafil?

Life-threatening hypotension

What can happen if nitroglycerin is taken with vardenafil?

Life-threatening hypotension

How should sublingual nitroglycerin tablets be stored?

In the original tightly closed container

What should sublingual nitroglycerin tablets be protected from?

Moisture and light

Why should nitroglycerin tablets remain in their original container?

To protect them from moisture and light

What can happen if clonidine is stopped abruptly?

Rebound hypertension

Should clonidine generally be stopped abruptly?

No

What is the memory key for nitrates?

Nitrates cause vasodilation and are used for angina

What is the memory key for hydralazine and nitroprusside?

They are direct vasodilators

What is the memory key for clonidine?

Clonidine is a central alpha-2 agonist

Which drug matches Apresoline?

Hydralazine — direct vasodilator