Psychology and Pediatrics Flashcards

Flashcards about Psychology and Pediatrics lecture notes.

Child Life Specialist

A professional who works with children and families in healthcare settings to help them cope with the stress and uncertainty of illness, injury, and treatment.

Early infant vocalizations

The emission of guttural sounds (gurgling) and social smiling, typically occurring between 1-2 months of age.

Lalling stage

The stage of development, around 5-6 months, where babies play with their own sounds and try to imitate others.

Monosyllabic stage

The emergence of first syllables, around 7-8 months, marking the age of monosyllables.

Double syllable stage

First words in double syllables like 'papa' or 'mama', understanding the tone of phrases, around 9-10 months.

Two-year-old Language

Using phrases as sentences, commonly using 'no,' and expanding vocabulary from 12 to hundreds of words at around 2 years old.

Three-year-old Language

The use of comprehensible language, sentences, differentiating verb tenses, asking questions, and using articles and pronouns around 3 years old.

Four-year-old Language

A period of flourishing language with improved grammar, verb conjugation, phonemic articulation, using conjunctions and engaging in individual and collective monologues around 4 years.

Language Disorders (per DMS-V)

Defined as a deficiency in expressive language development that interferes with academic performance and/or social communication.

Dysphasia

Characterized by a lack of correct structuring, not due to any organic lesion.

Aphasia

Language is delayed and disorganized due to a lesion.

Mutism

A condition where a child does not speak or speaks very little.

Dyslalia

A condition where a child does not articulate some phonemes or groups of phonemes appropriate for their age.

Dysarthria

An alteration in the pronunciation of phonemes due to the inability to perform the appropriate movements caused by neurological damage.

Rhythmopathy

Disorders in the rhythm of speech.

Dysphemia

Characterized by repetitions and/or blocks in expressive language.

Tachylalia

Characterized by excessively rapid speech with good linguistic development and impulsive behavior.

Bradylalia

Speech rhythm is slower than usual; individuals are often passive with adequate linguistic development.

Speech Therapy

Includes breathing exercises, strengthening of mouth and tongue muscles, and speech therapy to improve articulation and speech rhythm.

Pharmacological Therapy

Pharmacological treatment to address underlying causes like Parkinson's, depression, or hypothyroidism, improving bradylalia.

Neurological Rehabilitation

Rehabilitation for neurological conditions causing bradylalia, such as stroke or traumatic brain injury.

Fonoestomatología

Involves assessment and rehabilitation of disorders in the phonoestomatognathic system, including structures involved in respiratory functions, voice, speech articulation and swallowing.