Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Flashcards for reviewing key concepts and processes related to cellular respiration and fermentation.

What do living cells require to do work?

Energy from outside sources.

What is the process of breaking down organic molecules to release energy?

Catabolic pathways.

What does ATP stand for?

Adenosine triphosphate.

What is the primary function of aerobic respiration?

To consume organic molecules and O2 to yield ATP.

What process occurs without O2 and partially degrades sugars?

Fermentation.

What is the main output of glycolysis?

Two molecules of pyruvate.

What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

NAD+ acts as an oxidizing agent and electron acceptor.

How many ATP molecules can be produced from one glucose molecule during cellular respiration?

Up to 32 ATP molecules.

What is the citric acid cycle also known as?

The Krebs cycle.

In which part of the cell does glycolysis occur?

In the cytoplasm.

What are the two types of fermentation?

Alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

What does the term 'oxidative phosphorylation' refer to?

The process of ATP synthesis powered by redox reactions.

What happens to electrons during cellular respiration?

They are transferred through the electron transport chain, ultimately reducing O2.

What is chemiosmosis?

The use of a H+ gradient to drive ATP synthesis.

What does feedback inhibition regulate?

The activity of enzymes in metabolic pathways.

Why do cells undergo fermentation or anaerobic respiration?

To produce ATP without the use of oxygen.