Structor/Function of Organelles

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Cytoplasm

Structure

• Jelly Like fluid inside of cells

• Mainly composed of water

Function

• Holds other organelles in place

Cell Membrane

Structure

• Semi permeable phospholipid bilayer

  • Two Main Parts

    • Hydrophilic (Polar) heads

    • hydrophobic (non-Polar) tails

  • Carbohydrates embedded for structures

  • Proteins embedded to aid transport of nutrients and signals

Function

• Controls what goes in and out of the cell

• Molecules that can easily pass

  • small, non-polar, hydrophobic, neutral molecules

  • water (bc it’s tiny)

• Molecules that can’t pass easily

  • polar molecules (must go through protein channels)

  • any large molecules (vesicles)

• Critical for communication and maintaining stable internal environment (homeostasis)

Cytoskeleton

Structure

• threadlike fibers

• made of proteins

• 3 types

  • microtubules

  • intermediate filaments

  • micro filaments

Function

• Support, maintain shape, motility, and regulate biochemical activities

Centriole

Structure

• Made of microtubules

  • grow out of the centrioles

    • note: 2 centrioles = centrosome

Function

• Appear during Anaphase to pull chromosomes apart

Cilia and Flagella

Structure

• Cilia

  • Shorter + more numerous (like tiny oars)

    • similar projections that are short and numerous but don’t move are called microvilli

• Flagella: longer and fewer (1-3)

Function

• Cilia: move fluid across cell’s surface

• Flagella: move entire cell through extracellular fluid