Matter & Separation Methods Note Guide

What is matter?

Anything that occupies space

What are pure substances?

elements or compounds that have uniform and unchanging compositions. They cannot be separated by physical means

What are elements?

Fundamental chemical blocks that cannot be broken down by physical or chemical means (eg C)

What are Compounds?

Composed of 2 or more elements that can be broken down and have properties distinct from their component elements (CO2)

What is a mixture?

A physical blend of 2 or more pure substances, can be separated by physical means

What is a homogenous mixture?

has uniform composition throughout

What is a heterogenous mixture?

Does not have a uniform composition and the individual substances

What are the 4 states of matter

solid, liquid, gas, plasma

What are the 8 different methods of separation

magnet,hand separation, filtration,chromotography,decanting,evaporation, distillation, sieving

What are the 3 ways to sort for solubility & density

separating funnel, centrifuge, panning

What are physical properties?

characteristics that can be observed or measured

Name 6 examples of physical property

density, color, melting point, mass, state of the matter, solubility

Define chemical property

ability to combine with or change into one or more substance

name 5 chemical properties

reactivity, corrosiveness, flammability, acidity, radioactivity

define ‘Intensive’

independent of the amount/quantity of the matter (eg boiling point)

define ‘extensive’

depends on the quantity of the matter (eg mass)

What are physical changes?

changes that alter a substance without changing its composition (eg dissolving in a solvent)

What are chemical changes?

involves changing 1 or more substance into something new

What a are the 5 ways chemical change can happen?

combustion, fermentation, oxidation, corrosion, reacting with acids

What are 5 pieces of evidence for chemical change

gas, color, precipitate, heat, light/odor/sound

What is the conservation of matter law?

mass is neither created nor destroyed during a physical or chemical reaction