Untitled Flashcards Set

Conscientious Objectors

People who refused to fight in war due to religious or moral beliefs.

Zimmermann Telegram

A secret message from Germany to Mexico during WWI, promising U.S. land if Mexico joined the war against the U.S.; it helped push the U.S. into the war.

Espionage Act (1917)

A law that made it illegal to interfere with military operations or support U.S. enemies during wartime.

Sedition Act (1918)

An extension of the Espionage Act that made it illegal to speak against the government, the war, or the military.

Fourteen Points

President Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace after WWI, including self-determination and the League of Nations.

Nye Committee Report

A 1930s investigation that suggested U.S. entry into WWI was influenced by arms manufacturers and bankers seeking profit.

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

An agreement signed by many nations to outlaw war as a means of resolving disputes; it had little real effect.

Good Neighbor Policy

President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s policy of improving relations with Latin America by reducing U.S. military intervention.

Sacco-Vanzetti Trial

A controversial trial in the 1920s where two Italian anarchists were convicted of murder and executed, reflecting anti-immigrant and anti-radical sentiments.

Office of Price Administration (OPA)

A government agency during WWII that controlled prices and rationing to prevent inflation.

War Production Board (WPB)

A U.S. government agency that oversaw the conversion of factories from peacetime to wartime production.

Bracero Program

A U.S.-Mexico agreement allowing Mexican laborers to work temporarily in the U.S. during WWII to fill farm and railroad jobs.

Fireside Chats

Radio speeches given by FDR to reassure and inform Americans during the Great Depression and WWII.

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

A 1935 law that protected workers’ rights to form unions and bargain collectively.

Social Security Act (1935)

A law that created a system of unemployment insurance, pensions for retirees, and aid for disabled and needy families.

New Deal Coalition

A political alliance of diverse groups (labor unions, minorities, farmers, and Southern Democrats) that supported FDR’s New Deal and the Democratic Party.

Chain Migration

The process where immigrants move to a place where relatives or people from their community have already settled.

Chain Employment

A pattern where immigrants help others from their home country get jobs after they have settled in a new place.

American Protective Association (A.P.A.)

An anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant organization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Superpatriotism

Extreme nationalism, often leading to intolerance toward dissent or different viewpoints.

Fundamentalists

People who believe in a strict, literal interpretation of religious texts, often associated with opposition to modern science (such as in the Scopes Trial).

Speakeasies

Illegal bars during Prohibition (1920-1933) where people secretly drank alcohol.