Professional Education Booster Notes

Comprehensive vocabulary and concept flashcards covering professional education, history of education, pedagogical theories, and assessment metrics based on the lecture notes.

Projective Exam

A type of personality test used to explore perspective and emotion.

Heterogeneous

Describes a group whose members are diverse or magkaka-iba.

Homogeneous

Describes a group whose members are similar or magkakapareho.

CPD

Continuing Professional Development; requires $45$ units for accreditation (full) or $15$ units during the transition period.

PAFTE

PH Association for Teachers Educators; an example of a professional organization.

Precolonial Education

A period characterized by communal learning as a community, informal education through experience, and a focus on survival.

Spanish Period (Parochial Schools)

Schools held in the simbahan with the purpose of spreading Christianity; an example is UST.

Augustinians

The religious group responsible for the first parochial schools during the Spanish period.

Jesuits

The religious group focused on college and higher education during the Spanish period.

Dominicans

The religious group established the first and oldest university, UST.

Thomasites

Retired soldiers who served as teachers during the American period.

P.D. 1006

Decree issued by Pres. Ferdinand Marcos Sr. which established the PBET exam administered by the NBT.

R.A. 7836

The Philippine Teachers Professionalization Act of $1994$ signed by Pres. Fidel Ramos; created the BPT and PRC licensure process.

EdCom

Congressional Commission on Education; established to evaluate the Philippine education system.

R.A. 9293

An amendment defining roles for Para-teachers (rating of $20\%$ to $74.8\%$) and requiring a $12$-unit refresher course after failure to practice.

Para-teacher

An individual with a score between $20\%$ and $74.8\%$; requires a special permit.

R.A. 10533

Enhanced Basic Education Act (EBEA) of $2013$, also known as the K-12 law.

PPST

Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers, established via Order No. $42$, s. $2017$.

Domain 1

Content Knowledge and Pedagogy; emphasizes mastery, research-based practices, ICT use, and literacy/numeracy.

Domain 2

Learning Environment; focuses on physical and emotional environments that are conducive to learning.

Domain 3

Diversity of Learners; focuses on inclusion and the principle to 'accept and develop' learners.

Beginning Career Stage

The Novice stage for a baguhan teacher.

Distinguished Career Stage

The highest career stage in the PPST for those in advanced positions.

Axiology

The study of values.

Max Scheler's Sensory Values

The lowest level of the values hierarchy; refers to temporary pleasures.

Max Scheler's Holy Values

The highest level of the values hierarchy; refers to objective religious values.

Double Effect

A moral situation with two results: one positive and one negative.

Lesser Evil

Choosing between two choices where both may have negative aspects but one is preferable.

Autocratic Leader

A leader who acts as a dictator.

Laissez Faire

A leadership style described as 'tamad' or hands-off.

Transformational Leader

A flexible leader who uses inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, idealized influence, and individual consideration.

Tuckman's Storming Stage

The second stage of group formation characterized by conflict.

Tuckman's Adjourning Stage

The final stage of group formation where members depart (nagpaalam).

Basic Literacy

The ability to read without the ability to comprehend.

Emergent Literacy

Literacy development occurring during the baby or infant stage.

Maturation

The point where physical growth ends.

Germinal Stage

The developmental stage from conception to $2$ weeks; involves the Zygote.

Sigmund Freud

The Father of Modern Psychology and proponent of Psychoanalytic Theory.

ID

The pleasure principle in Freud's tripartite theory.

Kohlberg's Stage 6

Universal Ethical Principle (U.E.P.); reasoning is based on universal ethical principles rather than laws.

Tyler’s Rationale

A curriculum model consisting of Purpose (goal), Experience (implementation), Organize (modification), and Evaluate.

Hilda Taba

Proponent of the Grassroots Approach where teachers, rather than administration, design the curriculum.

Spiral Curriculum

A curriculum design characterized by the deepening and widening of a subject through elements of repetition.

PISA 2018

Program for International Student Assessment; the PH ranked in the top $3$ lowest in math, science, and reading comprehension among $81$ countries.

Essentialism

A teacher-centered philosophy focusing on the basics ($3$ Rs), specialization, and traditional education.

Progressivism

A learner-centered philosophy focusing on learning by doing and lifelong skills; utilized in K to $12$.

Pavlov's Classical Conditioning

Learning through association, illustrated by the experiment with a dog, a bell, and meat.

Bandura's ARMM

The steps of observational learning: Attention, Retention, Motor, and Motivation.

ZPD

Zone of Proximal Development; activities a learner can do with assistance (may kasama).

Convergent Thinking

Thinking that is inductive and brings ideas together (pinagsasama).

Divergent Thinking

Thinking that is deductive and moves away in different directions (pinaghihiwalay).

TPACK Model

Technological (ginamit), Pedagogical (pinagawa), and Content (tinuro) knowledge integration.

Edgar Dale

The Father of Modern Educational Technology; created the Cone of Experience.

Enactive

The most concrete level of experience in Dale's Cone, involving direct action.

Standard Deviation (Sd)

A measure of spread; a high Sd indicates a heterogeneous group while a low Sd indicates a homogeneous group.

Z-score formula

$\frac{\text{mean}}{\text{Sd}}$; used for comparing data points.

Reliability: Test-Retest

Giving the same examination twice to check for consistency.

Difficulty Index: Very Easy

A range between $0.81$ and $1.00$.

Difficulty Index: Very Difficult

A range between $0$ and $0.20$.

DO 8, s. 2015

K-$12$ Grading System order; $75$ is the passing grade; $1$-$2$ failed subjects require remedial, and $3$ or more require retention.

Action Research

Research conducted to solve classroom problems and improve development.

Soft Skills

Skills involving personal and interpersonal interaction.

Hard Skills

Technical skills, specifically those related to technology.