Human Phys Blood

granulocytes

spotted, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

agranulocytes

no spots, lymphocytes, monocytes

neutrophils

sausage links, big cell, most common, 40-70%, short term infections

eosinophils

red and blue, 1-4%, kill worms, numbers go up in response to allergic reaction

basophils

0-1%, just dots, contain histomine

lymphocyte

2nd most numerous, most of cell is nucleus, 20-45%, immune system, B+T cells

monocytes

biggest, plumber crack, 4-8%, eat things, chronic infections

monocyte

neutrophil

eosinophil

basophil

lymphocytes

lematocrit

red blood cells

buffy coat

white bload cells and platelets

plasma includes

proteins and substances

erythrocytes

RBCs, oxygen transport, no nucleus, no mitochondria, contain hemoglobin

how much hemoglobin does each cell have

250 million

what do platelets form from

megakaryocyte explosion

blue triangle

A antigen

black circle

B antigen

green thing

Rh antigen

antibodies

Y-shaped proteins that attach to antigens

agglutination

antibodies sticking cells together

hemolysis

blood starts to burst, releasing hemoglobin

why are blood transfusions dangerous

1. agglutination

2. hemolysis

3. kidney failure

how to determine blood type using a tray

if its not a black hole, it will have that type of blood

hi

anemia

oxygen carrying ability decreases

causes of anemia

lower number of RBCs and defiecient hemoglobin

sickle-cell anemia

RBCs rupture easily, clog small blood vessels

Cause of sickle-cell anemia

single-gene mutation

polycytnemia

abnormal increase in RBCs

causes of polycythemia

bone marrow cancer and living at high altitudes

leukemia

cancer of bone marrow, huge numbers of WBCs that don’t function properly, decreased immune system

thrombus

clot that develops and persists in an unbroken blood vessel

embolus

thrombus that breaks away from the vessel wall

thrombocytopenia

insufficient number of platelets

hemophelia

hereditary disorder lack of clotting factors