Exam 1 study(Energy and Chem reactions)

Energy

Capacity to do work

Potential energy

Energy contained in an object because of its position or internal state

Kinetic energy

energy of motion/energy that is actively doing work

Chemical reaction

A process in which a covalent or ionic bond is formed or broken

Chemical equation

symbolizes the course of a chemical reaction(reactants to products)

Exchange reactions

two molecules exchange atoms or a group of atoms

Decomposition reactions

large molecule breaks down into two or more smaller ones

Synthesis reactions

two or more small molecules combine to form a larger one

Metabolism

sum of all chemical reactions of the body

Catabolism

Energy-releasing decomposition reactions

Anabolism

Energy-storing synthesis reaction

Mixtures consist of…

physically blended substances, not chemically blended substances

Most mixtures in our bodies consist of…

Chemicals dissolved or suspended in water

Polar covalent bonds and V-shaped molecules give water what?

A set of properties that account for its ability to support life

Polar water molecules overpower the ionic bond in Sodium and Chloride to do what?

Form hydration spheres around each ion

Solvency

ability to dissolve other chemicals

Adhesion

tendency of one substance to cling to another

Cohesion

tendency of like molecules to cling to each other

Thermal stability

Hydrogen bonds inhibit temp by inhibiting molecular motion

Solution

consists of particles of matter called the solute mixed with a more abundant substance(solvent)

Acid

proton donor that releases Hydrogen ions in water

Base

proton acceptor that accepts Hydrogen ions

What does the body use to resist pH changes?

Buffers

pH

the concentration of H+ ions in solution

acidic solution

Under 7.0

Neutral pH

equal amount, like pure water

Basic solution

Over 7.0 pH

Hydrophilic

substances that do dissolve in water

Hydrophobic

substances that do not dissolve in water

Virtually all metabolic reactions depend on what?