CP Biology Final

Exam: May 26th

What did Hershey and Chase know about bacteriophages that led them to use these viruses in their DNA experiments?

Bacteriophages are made up a protein coat surrounding DNA

Which scientist conducted tests on extracts made of bacteria to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA?

Oswald Avery

Figure 8.1 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the other DNA strand.

GGC

The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different…

Base pairs

Which scientists figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood?

Watson and Crick

In humans, where does DNA replication take place?

The Nucleus

During replication, the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to…

glue/bind the nucleotides together

Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand.

AUC

During transcription, what does messenger RNA do?

Carries DNA'S INSTRUCTIONS TO MAKE PROTEINS

In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place

On a Gene segment over and over again

The central dogma states that information flows from

DNA, RNA, PROTEINS

How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide. **CGAUAC**

2

What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?

Codon

A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription

Occurs in the Nucleus of a Eukaryotic cell

 **Short Answer** Use the diagram below to answer items:

What process is shown in Figure 8.3?

Translation

 **Short Answer** Use the diagram below to answer items:

Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram

TRNA

 **Short Answer** Use the diagram below to answer items :

Suppose translation has just begun. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the start codon.

4

 **Short Answer** Use the diagram below to answer items:

Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the ribosome. How does the ribosome interact with mRNA and tRNA during translation?

5

Genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same

Genetic Code

Scientists can study the effect of turning off a gene by using

Gene Knockout

What is a clone?

A genetically identical gene

Which of the following technologies uses electricity to sort DNA fragments based on their sizes?

Gel electrophoresis

Which of the following is the study of entire genomes?

Genomics

Which of the following experimental techniques involves treating a genetic disorder by replacing a defective gene with a functional gene?

Gene Therapy

What goal of the Human Genome Project has been achieved?

Sequenced base pairs of human chromosomes

Genetic screening can help determine a person’s risk of passing on a genetic disorder through a combination of family history and

DNA Testing

The purpose of genetic engineering is to

Give customized/new traits

What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?

Adaptations

All the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a

Population

The remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a(n)

Vestigial structure

What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches in the Galápagos Islands?

Different species=different islands

Which scientist developed a classification system for organisms?

C Linnaeus

Which theory states that floods and earthquakes have occurred often in Earth’s history?

catastrophism

What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?

Artificial Selection

Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce

More offspring

Natural selection results in change overtime by acting on traits that are

Heritability

What is the study of the distribution of organisms around the world?

Biogeography

Which theory ties the fields of biology and geology together?

Evolution

Organisms are named and classified based on physical characteristics in

Linnaean Taxonomy

Which of the following is the most abundant group of organisms on Earth?

Bacteria

Which of the following lists Linnaean taxa in the correct order from general to specific?

Domain,Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

In the Linnaean system of classification, which of the following is most commonly defined as a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring?

Species

In the 1860s, all single-celled organisms were placed in their own kingdom called

Protista

How many domains are there in the most current tree of life?

3

How many kingdoms are there in life?

6

The modern classification system is mainly based on

Common ancestry

Figure 17.2 shows one set of genetic differences between humans and other animals. By this measure, which listed species is most related to humans?

Chimpanzee

Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into the kingdoms Bacteria and

archaea

The name *Canis lupis* is an example of

Binomial nomenclature