Studied by 20 people
What did Hershey and Chase know about bacteriophages that led them to use these viruses in their DNA experiments?
Bacteriophages are made up a protein coat surrounding DNA
Which scientist conducted tests on extracts made of bacteria to show that the genetic material in bacteria is DNA?
Oswald Avery
Figure 8.1 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the other DNA strand.
GGC
The main difference between the four nucleotides that make up DNA is that they have different…
Base pairs
Which scientists figured out the three-dimensional structure of DNA by using a model of metal and wood?
Watson and Crick
In humans, where does DNA replication take place?
The Nucleus
During replication, the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase is to…
glue/bind the nucleotides together
Figure 8.2 shows a single strand of DNA. Choose the first three nucleotides of the complementary RNA strand.
AUC
During transcription, what does messenger RNA do?
Carries DNA'S INSTRUCTIONS TO MAKE PROTEINS
In order to produce all the protein that a cell needs, transcription takes place
On a Gene segment over and over again
The central dogma states that information flows from
DNA, RNA, PROTEINS
How many amino acids are coded for by the strand of mRNA shown below? Assume the reading frame begins with the first nucleotide. CGAUAC
2
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
Codon
A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription
Occurs in the Nucleus of a Eukaryotic cell
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items:
What process is shown in Figure 8.3?
Translation
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items:
Identify the structure labeled 2 in the diagram
TRNA
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items :
Suppose translation has just begun. Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the start codon.
4
Short Answer Use the diagram below to answer items:
Write the number in the diagram that corresponds to the ribosome. How does the ribosome interact with mRNA and tRNA during translation?
5
Genetic engineering is possible because all organisms are based on the same
Genetic Code
Scientists can study the effect of turning off a gene by using
Gene Knockout
What is a clone?
A genetically identical gene
Which of the following technologies uses electricity to sort DNA fragments based on their sizes?
Gel electrophoresis
Which of the following is the study of entire genomes?
Genomics
Which of the following experimental techniques involves treating a genetic disorder by replacing a defective gene with a functional gene?
Gene Therapy
What goal of the Human Genome Project has been achieved?
Sequenced base pairs of human chromosomes
Genetic screening can help determine a person’s risk of passing on a genetic disorder through a combination of family history and
DNA Testing
The purpose of genetic engineering is to
Give customized/new traits
What is the term for a feature that allows an organism to survive better in its environment?
Adaptations
All the individuals of a species that live in a particular area are called a
Population
The remnant of an organ that had a function in an early ancestor is known as a(n)
Vestigial structure
What observations did Charles Darwin make about finches in the Galápagos Islands?
Different species=different islands
Which scientist developed a classification system for organisms?
C Linnaeus
Which theory states that floods and earthquakes have occurred often in Earth’s history?
catastrophism
What is the process in which humans breed organisms for certain traits?
Artificial Selection
Individuals that are well adapted to their environment will survive and produce
More offspring
Natural selection results in change overtime by acting on traits that are
Heritability
What is the study of the distribution of organisms around the world?
Biogeography
Which theory ties the fields of biology and geology together?
Evolution
Organisms are named and classified based on physical characteristics in
Linnaean Taxonomy
Which of the following is the most abundant group of organisms on Earth?
Bacteria
Which of the following lists Linnaean taxa in the correct order from general to specific?
Domain,Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
In the Linnaean system of classification, which of the following is most commonly defined as a group of organisms that can breed and produce offspring?
Species
In the 1860s, all single-celled organisms were placed in their own kingdom called
Protista
How many domains are there in the most current tree of life?
3
How many kingdoms are there in life?
6
The modern classification system is mainly based on
Common ancestry
Figure 17.2 shows one set of genetic differences between humans and other animals. By this measure, which listed species is most related to humans?
Chimpanzee
Carl Woese divided the kingdom Monera into the kingdoms Bacteria and
archaea
The name Canis lupis is an example of
Binomial nomenclature
Note 
Flashcard (30)