Speech and Language Science - Voice Ch 5 and Ch 6

Ch 5 - Phonation 1 and Ch 6 - Phonation Measurement and Instrumentation

phonation

generation of sound by means of vocal fold vibration

Vf aka

vocal chords

voice in terms of energy is

conversion of aerodynamic energy from lower airway to acoustic energy as sound waves

AERODYN TO ACOUSTIC not the other way around

air flowing as single stream is reflected thru

air puffs, rapid vibration

larynx

list the 3 paired and 3 unpaired

how many caritlages vs bone

*insert anatomy notes

5 crtilages and 1 bone

larynx diagram, list structures

ligaments in larynx are made up of

collagenuous connective tissue fibers

connections between ligaments with other cartilages vs connections with VF or hyoid

intrinsic vs externsic

or external vs internal

the position of intrinsic ligaments of the larynx help describe..

cavities

what is the membrane of the inner cavity of the larynx

fibroelastic mucous membrane

quadrangular membrane

arytenoid to inner thryoid to epiglottis

lower part of this thickens to form vestibular ligament

cricovocalis membrane (aka conus elasticus) attachment

posterior attaches the vocal process of the arytenoid

UPPER margin - true VF

LOWER margin - vestibular ligament (false VF)

review lateral larynx model

the supraglottic cavity is a

vestibule or an opening right above the VF

right above this vesituble are the FALSE VF

the mucous glands in the vesitbule is extremely important

larnyx func (4)

protection of lungs from foreign body

breathing

subglottal pressure for strenuous tasks

speaking

larynx muscles intrinsic

mostly innervated by recurreent laryngeal nerve and vagus nevre

abductor for larynx

posterior cricoid arytenoid

only one!

adductor for larynx

inter A

transverse and olique

lca

tensors/relaxer for larynx

musculariis - relax

vocalis - tensor

CT = pars rectus and

*****look at your anatomy notes

extrinisic muscles larynx

infrahyoid- below glottis

suprahyoid - above glottis

**look at the damn figure keisha

VF is paired or unpaired

paired

VF made up of of

thrioarytenoid muscle

thyroimuscularis and thyrdoicvocalis

how does VF open

anterior to posterior

quiet breathing opening

20mm and 8mm width

where is the medial edge of VF

innner edge

free margin, key to speech production

andteirod 3/5th of VF are what type of tissue

membranous

posterior 2/5ths of VF is made up of

cartilaginous

what are the 5 layers of VF

1. epidthelium

2. superior lamina propia

3. inferior lamina propia

4. g

5. ligament

increasingly stiff.

what is the body cover theory

two most important joinds

criciothyroid and cricoarytenoid

CT = contract leads to anteiror and downward (pars oblique posterior) and downward thryoid movment

THIS CAUSES LENGTH OF VF INCREASED. INCREASE TENSION, INCREASE PITCH.

ct joint what type of motion

rotary and liding (primary motion)

cricoarytenoid

rocking gliding sliding

breathing and voice production

influenced by pca, lca and TA vocalis

orecentral gyrus

(inferior)

vocal action !

SMAn

SLN external and internal (afferent) vs RLN?

s

myoelastic aerodynamic theory

elasticity of vf and role of aerodynamic forces

self ocilationne

venturi effect

acceleration of fluid in tube

bernoulli effect

for fluid under movment, the pressure exeted by a fluid on a surface decreases as velocicty of the fluid acorss the surface increases

describe in your own owrds the process of phonation

1. prephonation - VF approximate, they close. to begin vibration. rock gliding movement!!

2. lung pressure increases. lower border of VF open when pressure is greater than the VF resistance. opens the inferior margins FIRST then superior margins.

3. inverted triangle of VF opening is leads to bernoulli affect

4. end of phonation is caused by arytenoids

2 important componetns of VF vibration

viscosity and elsticity

veritcal phase difference vs outer phase

why? subglottal pressure, transglottic flow pressure, supraglottic pressure

VF needs to close completely in each cycle of vibration (t/f)

false

glottal volume velocity/trans-glottal airflow

volume of air flow thru the glottis as a function of time during phonation.

effeciency must be maintained

laryngeal airway or glottal resistance

resistance offered by the VF airflow (varies!)

glottal resistance = equation??

transglottal pressure / transglottal flow

cm of H20 (unit of measure)

butr for vowels transglottal pressure = lung pressure

how much subglottal pressure is required for phonation to begin? what is that term?

phonation threshold pressure

it varies on V resistance

threshold correlates with percieved effort

think of nodules on a VF . that would feel harder to begin phonation. more pressure!!!!!

phonation onset

refers to when the relationship betwn VF begin so phonation can start

variations can cause

• gentle/soft

• breathy- phonation air is escaping already

• glottal attack/hard onset

what does vocal rise time refer to

onset to steady state amplitude in SPL

how long does it take for you to get to your regular state in tone

gives us info about phonation onset

stress vs strain

stress- force per unit area, causes change in volume/shape/lenfth of muscle

strain - length of change of VF tissue in firection of the force divided by the resting length (TA length) **there is a max level of strain

both chage voice characteristics

longest phase in cycle of typical of vocal fold vibration is

the closed phase