Urinary Clinicals

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9 Terms

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Renal calculi

kidney stones in renal pelvis
– Formed by crystallized calcium, magnesium, or uric acid salts

• Risk factors: obesity and elevated blood calcium levels
• Prevention: adequate hydration
• Many kidney calculi can be treated with lithotripsy
– Ultrasound shockwaves break stones so they pass

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Urinary tract infection (UTI)

Symptoms: dysuria (painful urination), urinary urgency and frequency, fever, and
sometimes cloudy or blood-tinged urine
– Back pain when kidneys are involved
• Treatment: antibiotics can cure most urinary tract infections

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Urethritis

inflammation of urethra

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Cystitis

inflammation of bladder

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Pyelitis or pyelonephritis

inflammation of kidneys

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dysuria

painful urination

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Urinary incontinence

in adults, usually caused by weakened pelvic muscles

– Stress incontinence: increased intra-abdominal pressure forces urine out
Laughing, coughing, or sneezing can cause incontinence
– Overflow incontinence: urine dribbles when bladder overfills

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Urinary retention

bladder is unable to expel urine
– Common after general anesthesia, but can occur due to hypertrophy of prostate

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