LIGHT AND SOUND

• LIGHT IS A FORM OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY THAT TRAVELS IN WAVES.

PROPERTIES OF LIGHT

TRAVELS VERY FAST 300,000 KM/S

TRAVELS IN STRAIGHT LINES

CAN BE REFLECTED, REFRACTED, ABSORBED, AND SCATTERED

DOES NOT NEED A MEDIUM TO TRAVEL.

EXAMPLES

• Sunlight

• Flashlight

• LED bulb

What is Light?

- Reflection: bouncing back .

- Refraction: bending

- Diffraction: bending around corners .

Dispersion: color separation .

- Interference: combination/cancellation •

- Polarization: vibration

. Properties of Light (Part 2)

Fiber optics .

- Satellite lasers •

- Morse code signals

Applications of Light in Communication

Lighthouses •

- Aircraft signal lights

. Light sensors in GPS

Applications of Light in Navigation

Laser surgeries .

Endoscopy

• X-rays and CT scans

Applications of Light in Medicine

Light shows .

Projectors

3D/hologram displays

Applications of Light in Entertainment

• LED Lights

• Holograms

• Lasers

• Energy Efficient

• Longer Life Span

• 3D Images

• Security Features

• Entertainment

• Medicine

• Manufacturing

• Barcode Scanners

INNOVATIONS USING LIGHT

Whati s Sound

Sound is a mechanical wave produced by vibrating objects.

Unlike light, sound needs a medium to travel.

Mediums where sound can travel:

• Air

• Water

• Solids

👉 Remember: Sound cannot travel through a vacuum because there is no medium.

• Frequency = Pitch → determines how high or low the sound is.

• Amplitude = Loudness → determines how loud or soft the sound is.

• Echo = Reflection → sound bounces back when it hits a surface.

• Resonance = Natural Vibration → an object vibrates strongly at its natural frequency.

PROPERTIES OF SOUND

• Telephones → transmit sound over long distances.

• Microphones → convert sound into electrical signals.

• Public Address Systems → amplify sound so it can be heard by many people.

🔊 APPLICATIONS OF SOUND IN COMMUNICATION

• SONAR in ships → uses sound waves to detect objects and measure distance underwater.

• Submarine echolocation → uses sound waves to locate objects and determine their distance.

• Aircraft sound monitors → use sound to monitor and detect possible problems or conditions in aircraft.

🔊 APPLICATIONS OF SOUND IN NAVIGATION

• Ultrasound Imaging → uses sound waves to create images of organs and tissues inside the body.

• Hearing Aids → amplify sounds to help people hear better.

• Lithotripsy → uses sound waves to break up kidney stones.

🔊 APPLICATIONS OF SOUND IN MEDICINE

• Music Acoustics → studies how sound behaves and is produced in music and performance spaces.

• Surround Systems → create sound from different directions for a more immersive experience.

• Game Effects → use sound effects to make games more realistic and engaging.

🔊 APPLICATIONS OF SOUND IN ENTERTAINMENT

LIGHT

• Electromagnetic wave

• Travels in a vacuum

• Faster

• Can be reflected and refracted

• Used for vision

SOUND

• Mechanical wave

• Needs a medium

• Slower

• Can also reflect (echo)

• Used for hearing

COMPARING LIGHT AND SOUND

🔊 INNOVATIONS USING SOUND

• Sound Amplifiers → make sounds louder and easier to hear.

• Soundproofing → reduces or blocks unwanted sound.

Applications of Soundproofing:

• Recording Studios → prevents outside noise from entering.

• Hospitals → reduces noise for a quieter environment.

• Classrooms → reduces distractions and improves learning.