Geography urban environments | Quizlet

What is urban agglomeration?

The multiplication of economic activity in a city, leading to growth

What is counter-urbanisation?

When people leave cities entirely due to deindustrialisation or a desire for quieter lives.

What are some factors affecting urbanisation?

Rural-urban migration, natural increase, and urban planning rules.

Why does suburbanisation occur

Overcrowding in cities, increased pollution, lower crime rates in suburbs, better infrastructure.

What is a key trend in global urbanisation?

Rapid urbanisation is occurring in Asia and Africa, while North America is already highly urbanised.

What are common urban challenges?

Congestion, transport, housing, employment, crime, environmental issues.

What are housing challenges in Hong Kong?

Extremely high prices, cramped living conditions, lack of mobility.

What are waste issues in Hong Kong?

6.4 million tons of waste yearly, landfill overflow, attempts to increase recycling

What contributes to poverty in Hong Kong?

Poor public housing, limited social mobility, financial sector concentration.

Why is transport a problem in developing cities?

Poor infrastructure, overcrowded systems, high atmospheric pollution.

Where does most of Hong Kong's energy come from?

75% is generated from fossil fuels, with 25% imported from nuclear power in China.

How does segregation affect communities in Hong Kong?

A large percentage of the population lives in isolated communities, particularly among Chinese, Filipino, and Nepalese residents.

Why is social mobility limited in Hong Kong?

High housing costs and a concentrated financial sector make it difficult for lower-income residents to improve their situation.

How does Hong Kong's waste management system struggle?

6.4 million tons of waste are produced yearly, with landfill sites reaching capacity.

Why is transport a major challenge in Hong Kong?

Overcrowding and high daily commuting levels create congestion and air pollution.

What percentage of Mumbai's economy is informal?

84%

What are some major issues with Mumbai's quality of life?

Overcrowding, income disparity, and slum settlements (e.g., Dharavi).

What are some major sources of pollution in Mumbai?

Poor waste disposal, air pollution, and water contamination

What is the Vision Mumbai Resettlement Plan?

plan to demolish slums like Dharavi and replace them with high-quality housing.

What is Navi Mumbai?

planned township east of Mumbai to reduce congestion and population density

Why was Mumbai developed as a major city?

coastal location made it ideal for trade, especially due to its proximity to the Suez Canal.

What percentage of Mumbai's population lives in informal settlements?

42%

What are some problems with informal settlements like Dharavi?

Overcrowding, poor sanitation, limited access to clean water, and high disease rates.

How much waste is disposed of daily in Mumbai?

7000 metric tonnes

Why is water pollution a major issue in Mumbai?

Untreated sewage and industrial waste contaminate the water supply.

What is a major issue with Mumbai's water supply?

Water is only available for 2 hours per day in some area

What causes electricity shortages in Mumbai?

Overloaded infrastructure and high energy demand.

What is being done to improve transport in Mumbai?

Vision plan Mumbai 2 Expansion of the metro, new road links, and airport upgrades.

How will transport improvements help the city?

Reduce congestion, improve air quality, and make commuting easier.

What is the Dharavi Resettlement Plan?

plan to demolish slums and relocate 100,000 residents to high-quality housing

What is the Smiling Schools Projec

initiative to improve education in Mumbai by providing teachers, books, and school upgrades.

What health issue is a major problem in Mumbai slums?

Leprosy

What is decentralisation?

process of redistributing population, industry, and businesses from central areas to surrounding regions

What is an example of decentralisation in London?

Bluewater shopping centre - built in an old chalk quarry outside of London.

How does the Lewisham waste incinerator improve sustainability?

burns waste to produce energy, reducing landfill waste

What is the Elizabeth Line and how does it improve sustainability?

new railway that reduces car dependency, lowering air pollution and congestion.

What is BedZED?

sustainable housing development using renewable energy and recycled materials.

What is a retail park, and why has it grown?

large shopping area outside the city, offering free parking and large stores

What is an example of a retail park in London

Bluewater shopping centre.

What is an industrial estate, and why is it important?

planned area for manufacturing and logistics businesses, offering cheap land and good transport links.

What is an example of an industrial estate near London?

Manor Royale near Gatwick Airport.

How does the Lewisham Incinerator help sustainability?

burns waste to generate energy, reducing landfill waste.

How much waste was processed in the Lewisham Incinerator in 2020/21?

296900 tonnes

What is the Elizabeth Line, and why is it important?

high-speed railway in London reducing car dependency and air pollution

How much is the Elizabeth Line expected to contribute to the UK economy?

42 billion pounds

What is BedZED, and how is it sustainable?

housing project using renewable energy, recycled materials, and low-energy designs.

What percentage of construction materials in BedZED were from within 35 miles?

52%

What has happened to London's employment structure over time?

shift from manufacturing (secondary sector) to services (tertiary sector).

What is an example of a quaternary-sector job in London?

Biotech and IT

What is an example of a science park near London, and why is it important?

Brackley Science Park, which includes research labs and F1 team facilities.