Jane Ohlmeyer, ‘Introduction: Ireland in the Early Modern World’

Who were the 'New English' and what role did they play in Ireland?

The 'New English' settlers began colonising Ireland from the 1530s and "made their fortunes" there

By 1800, how much of the world was controlled by the West?

The West controlled 35% of the globe

What was Edward VI’s approach to religion in Ireland?

In 1550, he attempted to make Ireland Protestant, commissioning Humphrey Powell to publish The book of common praier after the use of the Churche of England’ (1551), the first book printed in Ireland

What was the first book published in Ireland and when?

The book of common praier after the use of the Churche of England’ in 1550

How did Ireland’s population change between 1550 and 1730?

It doubled to around 2 million by 1730

What percent of the Irish population was of immigrant stock by 1700?

27% inc French, English, Welsh and Scottish

What happened to Catholic landownership between 1641 and 1670?

Catholic landholding dropped from 54% to about 23%

What percentage of landownership was catholic in 1641?

54%

What percentage of landownership was catholic in 1670?

23%

How was Dublin described by the 1730s?

It was becoming the second city of the British Empire and the sixth largest in Europe

What did the Kingship Act of 1541 establish?

It declared Henry VIII king of Ireland and granted equal rights to those of Irish and English origin, making Ireland a constitutional kingdom

What act declared henry VIII king of Ireland?

Kingship Act 1541

What was the Declaratory Act of 1720?

enshrined the subordinate position of the Dublin parliament to that of Westminster, which now had the authority to make laws for Ireland - essentially affirmed the right of the British Parliament to legislate for Ireland

Which act enshrined the subordinate position of the Dublin parliament to that of Westminster?

Declaratory Act of 1720

How did economic imperialism reinforce political dominance over Ireland?

From the 1660s, laws like the Navigation Acts favoured English trade and created a dependency centred on London

When was the Navigation Act of 1651?

Passed on 9th October 1651

What was the purpose of the Navigation Act of 1651?

targeted Dutch trade dominance, requiring English ownership and at least half-English crews

When was the Navigation Act of 1660?

13th September 1660

What were the effects of the Navigation Act of 1660?

It increased the English crew requirement to 75% and limited key 'enumerated' colonial goods (e.g. sugar, tobacco, indigo) to English markets

What was the Irish Society of 1609?

responsible for colonising, on behalf of the city of London, the entire county of London derry

What did poet Fear Flatha Ó Gnímh say about Ireland?

He lamented that Ireland had become "a new England in all but name"

Which poet lamented that Ireland had become "a new England in all but name"?

Fear Flatha Ó Gnímh

What was the Irish Society of 1609 modelled on?

the East India Company charter of 1600

How was Ireland used as a ‘laboratory for empire’?

In the 1670s, Ireland influenced colonial practices in Bombay, and again in the 19th century for British India

What’s significant about Ireland’s role in European expansion?

shows that “people without an empire of their own, contributed to European expansionism”

What evidence exists of Irish people in English colonies like Bombay?

1670s censuses of Bombay include Irish surnames such as Butler, Barnewall, Kennedy, Talbot, and O’Neill

How did Irish people contribute to early European colonial ventures?

William Eris from Galway sailed with Columbus in 1492; others joined Magellan’s circumnavigation (1519–1522)

When was Magellan’s circumnavigation?

1519–1522