Anatomy LAB Practical 1

Prone

Supine

Anatomical position is when the body is upright, feet face ___, and palms are ___.

Forward, supinated (up)

What plane and actions?

Sagittal; flexion of bicep, extension of knee and hip when squatting

What plane and actions?

Frontal/coronal; ab/adduction of shoulders and hips during jumping jacks

What plane and actions?

Transverse/axial; medial and lateral rotation

Decrease vs. increase of joint angle

Flexion/extension

Close vs. far from origin

Proximal/distal

The elbow is ___ to the shoulder, but ___ to the wrist.

Distal, proximal

Baseball player scenario

Static, external rotation, abduction

The heart is ___ to the ribs, since the ribs are __ to the heart.

Deep, superficial

Axial vs. appendicular

• Axial: Individual, at central axis

• Appendicular: Set

The function of flat bones are to …

Protect

The function of long bones are to…

Facilitate movement, support weight

The shape of short bones are __. Examples include…

Cube shaped, carpals and tarsals

Examples of irregular bones include…

Vertebrae, pelvis

The function of sesamoid bones are to __. The main example is the…

Reinforce tendons, patella

How many cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae are there?

7, 12, 5

Identify the atlas and axis. What type of joint do they create, what bony landmark allows this?

C1 and C2; pivot joint (synovial - 1 plane); dens @ axis

What vertebrae? Identify 2 key processes

Cervical; transverse foramen and bifid spinous process

What vertebrae? Identify key process

Thoracic; transverse process (articulates with rib)

__ ribs articulate with sternum through individual _

True (1-7), costal cartilages

Ribs that share costal cartilages

False (8-12)

False ribs that don’t articulate with sternum at all

Floating (11-12)

Identify bony landmarks of this rib

Sternal end (→ costal cartilage, medial); head of rib —> thoracic lumbar, costal groove (posterior inferior)

Zygomatic bone

Maxilla

Mandible

Identify superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale, foramen magnum. What nerves run through them? Also the sphenoid bone and what it contains.

Superior orbital fissure (CN3 Oculomotor); foramen ovale (CN5 trigeminal); foramen magnum (accessory nerves). Sphenoid bone holds sella turcika (pituitary/master gland).

Identify the lobes and what they do.

In the cerebellum “little brain,” there is __ matter called the…

White, arbor vitae (tree of life)

Meninge order

Dura (strongest) + subdural space w CSF —> arachnoid + subarachnoid —> pia (covers brain)

Pathway of light entering the eye

1. Cornea

2. Pupil/iris

3. Lens

4. Retina

Which eye cavities are aqueous and vitreous humors located in? What are the functions?

Aqueous (anterior, moisture), vitreous (posterior, shape)

What is the function of the iris in the eye?

Pigmentation

Identify the retina, choroid, and sclera.

Cranial nerves of the tongue

• Anterior 2/3: CN5 Trigeminal (sense), CN7 facial (taste)

• Posterior 1/3: CN9 Glossopharyngeal

• CN12 Hypoglossal (movement)

“Oh oh oh, to touch and feel very good velvet, ah!”

1. Olfactory

2. Optic

3. Oculomotor

4. Trochlear

5. Trigeminal

6. Abducens

7. Facial

8. Vestibulocochlear

9. Glossopharyngeal

10. Vagus

11. Accessory

12. Hypoglossal

S/M/B function of cranial nerves mnemonic

"Some Say Marry Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More"

Parasympathetic nervous system cranial nerves

CN3 occulomotor, CN7 facial, CN9 glossopharyngeal, CN10 vagus

If right eye doesn’t CONSTRICT, that indicates damage of the __.

RIGHT CN3 (Oculomotor)

Less R. face SENSATION indicates damage to what CN?

CN5 Trigeminal

Less R. face EXPRESSION indicates damage to what CN?

CN7 Facial

Name the eye, face, mouth functions of CN5 Trigeminal.

• Opthalmic - superior orbital fissure

• Maxillary - facial sensation

• Mandibular - anterior 2/3 tongue sense, chewing

Gag reflex SENSATION is caused by…

CN9 Glossopharyngeal

Gag reflex ACTION is done by…

CN10 Vagus

Innervates trapezius and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscles

CN11 Accessory

Identify the right/left humerus!

The subscapularis is innervated by ___ and assists with __

Subscapular nerve, internal rotation

The supraspinatus is innervated by ___ and assists with __

Superscapular nerve, abduction

The infraspinatous is innervated by ___ and assists with __

Superscapular nerve, external rotation

The teres minor is innervated by ___ and assists with __

Axillary nerve, external rotation

Identify the acromion, infraspinous, teres minor, supraspinous fossa on the POSTERIOR of the right scapula.

Identify the acromion, glenoid cavity, corocoid process, and subscapular fossa on the ANTERIOR of the right scapula.

The deltoid muscle is innervated by ___ and assists with __

Axillary nerve, shoulder movement

The bicep brachi musle is innervated by ___ and assists with __

Muculocutaneous nerve, elbow flexion

Identify the deltoid and biceps brachii muscles.