Muscles Region 1-9

Orbicularis oris

Closes, protrude lips “kiss muscle “

Orbicularis oculi

Action: closes eyes (squint, blink)

Temporalis

Actions: elevate, retract mandible

Masseter

Elevate, protract mandible

Frontalis

Action: Elevates eyebrows

Buccinator

Action: compress cheeks, assist in mastication(keep food between teeth)

Sternocleidomastoid

Origin: manibrium and sternal end of clavicle

Insertion: Mastoid process

Action: flex neck: rotate head to opposite side

Trapezius

Action: elevates, adduct, stabilizes scapula; extend neck

Levator scapulae

Action: elevate scapula

Rhomboid major

Actions: retract, adduct scapula

Rhomboid minor

Actions: retract,adduct scapula

Latissimus Doris (lats)

Action: extend, adduct, medially rotate glenohumeral joint

Deltoid

Origin: Clavicle, acromion process and spine of scapula

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Action: Abduct glenohumeral joint

Supraspinatus

Origin: supraspinous fossa

Insertion: superior part of greater tubercle

Action: Abduct glenohumeral joint

Infraspinatus

Origin: Infraspiousfossa of scapula

Insertion: Middle part of greater tubercle of humerus

Action: Laterally rotates glenohumeral joint

Subscapularis

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Medially rotates glenohumeral joint

Teres Minor

Origin: Lateral border of scapula
Insertion: Inferior part of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Laterally rotates glenohumeral joint

Teres Major

Origin: Inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: distal of lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Extend, adduct, medially rotates glenohumeral joint

Triceps Brachii( Long head, lateral, medial)

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle (long head), Lateral and posterior diaphysis of humerus(Lateral head) posterior diaphysis of humerous (medial head)
Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna
Action: Extends elbow and shoulder, assists in adduction.

Pectoralis Major

Action: Flex, adduct, medially rotate glenohumeral joint

Pectoralis Minor

Action: Depress scapula

Serratus Anterior

Action: Abduct, protract scapula

Coracobrachialis

Origin Coracoid process

Instertion: Medial diaphysis of humerus

Action: Flex, adduct glenohumeral joint

Biceps Brachii

Origin: Long head- supraglenoid tubercle; Short head- Coracoid process

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Action Flex elbow; supinate radius

Brachialis

Origin: Anterior diaphysis of humerus

Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna

Action: Flex elbow

Diaphragm

Action:inhalation

Dome-shaped, broad muscle: separates thoracic & abdominalpelvic cavities

External Intercostals (hint : pockets down)

Elevate ribs during inhalation

Internal Intercostals(up)

depress ribs during forced inhalation

Rectus Abdominis

flex vertebral column; compress abdomen

External obliques

flex, laterally flex, rotate vertebral column; compress abdomen

Internal obliques(same action as external obliques)

Action: flex, laterally flex, rotate vertebral column; compress abdomen

Deep to external obliques and superficial to transverse abdominis

Transverse Abdominis

Action:Compress abdomen Deep

Inguinal ligament

set of two narrow bands in the inguinal area of the body(the groin) connects the oblique muscles in abdomen to the pelvis

Psoas Major

Action: flex vertebral column; flex hip

Brachioradialis

Action: Flex forearm; supinate(outward rotation), pronate(rotation of a body part inward or toward the midline of the body) radio-ulnar joints(return to relaxed postion)

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Action:Extend, abduct wrist

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Action: Extend, abduct wrist

Extensor Digitorum

Action: Extend fingers

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Action: Extend, adduct wrist ( towards body midline, ulnaris= pinky side)

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Action: Flex, adduct wrist

Palmaris Longus

Action: Flex wrist

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Action: Flex, abduct wrist

Rectus Femoris

Origin:Anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion:Tibial Tuberosity

Action:Flex hip; extend knee

Vastus Lateralis

Origin:Greater trochanter and linea aspera

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity

Action: Extend knee

Vastus Medialis

Origin: Linea aspera

Insertion:Tibial Tuberosity

Action:Extend knee

Vastus Intermedius

Origin: Anterior and Lateral diaphysis if femur

Insertion:Tibial tuberosity

Action: Extend knee

Sartorius

Action: Flex, laterally rotate hip; flex knee

Gracilis

Action: Flex, adduct hip; flex knee

Pectineus

Action:Flex, adducts hip ( towards body midline)

Adductor Longus

Origin: Anterior body of pubis

Insertion: Linea aspera

Action:Adduct hip

Adductor Brevis

Origin: Inferior pubic ramus

Insertion: Linea aspera

Action:Adduct hip

Adduct Magnus

Origin: Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and ischial tuberosity

Insertion: Linea aspera(roughened ridge on the posterior (back) surface of the femur)

Action:Adduct, flex hip

Gluteus Maximus

Action:Extend, laterally rotates hip

Gluteus Medius

Action: Abduct hip(move away from body midline )

Biceps Femoris (2 heads)

Origin: Long head- ischial tuberosity; Short head- linea aspera. Insertion: head of fibula

Action:Long head- extend hip; flex hip

Semitendinosus

Origin:Ischial tuberosity

Insertion:Proximal medial diaphysis of tibia

Action:Extend hip; flex knee

Semimembranosus

Origin: Ischial Tuberosity

Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia

Action:Extend hip; flex knee

Plantaris

Action: Plantar flex ankle

Popliteus

Action: Medially rotate tibia(unlock knee)

Gastrocnemius ( 2 heads)

Origin: Medial head- posterior side of medial condyle of femur

Lateral head- Posterior side of lateral condyle femur

Insertion: Calcaneus

Action: Flex knee; Plantar flex ankle

Soleus

Origin: Posterior fibula, and soleal line

Insertion: Calcaneus

Action:plantar flex ankle

Tibialis Anterior

Origin: Lateral condyle and diaphysis of tibia

Insertion: first metatarsal and first cuneiform

Action: Dorsiflex, invert ankle

Peroneus (fibularis) Longus

Action: Plantar flex, evert ankle

Glenoid humeral joint

• type of Synovial joint( prevent friction),allows wide movement

• Located between scapula

Lateral meniscus

Stabilizes laterally & shock absorber

Medial meniscus

Stabilizes medically the knee & shock absorber

Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCI)

posterior knee

Limits posterior movement of knee

• connects the thighbone (femur) to the shinbone (tibia), preventing the shinbone from sliding backward relative to the thighbone. The PCL is the strongest and largest ligament in the knee and is crucial for knee stability

Anterior cruciate ligament

Fibular ( lateral) collate

Tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Transverse Ligament

Helps stabilize lateral and medial meniscus