Sports Medicine Final Exam Study Guide

Flashcards for vocabulary review.

First class lever

Fulcrum between effort and resistance. Example: Head nodding, seesaw

Second class lever

Resistance between fulcrum and joint where effort is exerted. Example: Raising on tip toes, wheel barrow

Third class lever

Effort exerted between fulcrum and resistance. Permits rapid, extensive movement. Common in body

Plyometric exercises

Allow a muscle to reach maximal force in short amount of time and increase power of sport-specific phase of rehabilitation programs

Phosphagen system

Energy system that works in absence of oxygen. Provides energy for short term, high intensity activity. Active at start of exercise. Myosin ATPase, ADP + Creatine Phosphate → ATP + Creatine

Glycolysis

Energy system that breaks down carbs to produce ATP. Can be fast (lack of oxygen → Lactic acid) or slow (oxygen present in mitochondria → 2 ATP from 1 glucose)

Oxidative system

Primary source of ATP at rest and low intensity activities. Uses carbs and fat

Initial injury phase

First phase of rehab program, focuses on controlling pain and inflammation using PRICE

Mobility restoration

Second phase of rehab program. Focuses on restoring ROM while using pain as a guide. Uses PROM, AAROM, and AROM

Proprioception

Third phase of rehab program. Focuses on restoring body’s ability to sense early on with balance and coordination

Resistance

Fourth phase of rehab program. Focuses on increasing muscular strength

Endurance

Fifth phase of rehab program. Focuses on cardiovascular endurance maintenance

Sports Specific

Sixth phase of rehab program. Athlete performs functional activities mimicking movement of their sport

Proprioception

Body’s ability to sense position of limbs at any movement

Sprain

Injury to a ligament

Strain

Injury to a tendon

Anterior

Front of the body

Posterior

Back of the body

Proximal

Above reference point

Distal

Below reference point

Anatomic position

Palms and body face forward

Thermal modalities

Hot and cold therapies, like cryotherapy, whirlpool, ice pack/massage, hydrocollator, paraffin bath, hot pack

Electrical modalities

TENS, NMES, Interferential, Iontophoresis

Mechanical modalities

Ultrasound, traction, massage, intermittent compression, cupping, acupuncture, Low-Level Light therapy (LLT) Laser

Axial skeleton

Made up of skull, spine, and thorax

Appendicular skeleton

Lower and upper extremities

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary and striated

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary and striated

Smooth muscle

Involuntary and non-striated

Negligence

Failure to act reasonable and prudent in similar situations

Proximate cause

Connection between actions of ATC and results injury of the athlete

Assumption of risk

When an individual fully understands he/she may be injured during sports participation

Informed consent

Permission given by an athlete or parent (if athlete is a child) after being informed of the possible dangers of sports participation

Duty

An element of negligence

Breach of Duty

An element of negligence

Causation

An element of negligence

Actual harm

An element of negligence

CNS

Spinal cord and brain

PNS

Nerves and ganglia

Neuron

Receivers of stimuli and transmit action potentials to other neurons