PSYB38 - Respondent Conditioning

Operant Behaviours

behaviours that acts on the environment to produce an immediate consequence and in turn, is strengthened by that consequence

Operant Conditioning

occurs when a behaviour in a particular situation is followed by a reinforcing consequence, thus making the behaviour more likely to occur in similar circumstances in the future

Respondent Behaviours

behaviour that is elicited by prior stimulus

o   elicited by unconditioned stimuli and conditioned stimuli respectively

Respondent Conditioning

a process in which a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus

o   The unconditioned elicits an unconditioned response

o   As a result of pairing the neutral stimulus with the unconditioned stimulus and conditioned stimuli respectively

Unconditioned Responses (URs)

the response that is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

a stimulus that naturally elicits an unconditioned response because the unconditioned response has survival value

o   No conditioning is needed for the unconditioned stimulus to elicit a unconditioned response

Trace Conditioning

a type of respondent conditioned in which the neutral stimulus is presented and then the unconditioned stimulus is presented after the termination of the neutral stimulus

Delay Conditioning

a type of respondent conditioning in which the neutral stimulus is presented and the unconditioned stimulus is then presented before the termination of the neutral stimulus

Simultaneous Conditioning

the process in which the unconditional stimulus and neutral stimulus are presented at the same time in respondent conditioning trials

Higher-Oder Conditioning

the process by which, when a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus (CS) a number of times, the neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus that will then elicit the same conditioned response

Conditioned Emotional Responses (CERs)

a type of conditioned response in which and emotional response such as fear, anger or happiness is elicited by a conditioned stimulus in the process of respondent conditioning

Respondent Extinction

the process by which when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus gradually ceases to elicit the conditioned response

Spontaneous Recovery Operant

the process in which when an operant behaviour has been extinguished, the behaviour may occur again in the future in circumstances in which it was previously reinforced

Spontaneous Recovery Respondent

the process in which when a conditioned response has been extinguished the conditioned response may occur at a later time when the conditioned stimulus is presented again

-       Salient

a stimulus is salient when it is intense or easily detected by the individual