Unit 2: The American Revolution, Constitution, and Federalist Era

Patriots

american colonists who fought for indeoendence from great britain during the revolutionary war

colonial elites

colonists who were given certain privileges and elite status as part of ruling class

Washington's farewell address

warned the country against binding foreign alliances, political factions, and foreign entanglements

Thomas Paine

enlightenment thinker, patriot and author during revolutionary war. wrote "common sense" to promote self rule within colonies

articles of confederation

established a loose federal government. provided no chief executive or judiciary. legislature of confederation had no authority to collect taxes

constitution

replaced articles of confederation. addressed many weaknesses in the articles, providing an executive and legislative branch, a federal court system, and a bill of rights

federalism

supported division of power between a central authority and constituent political units or states under the states rights doctrine

republican motherhood

belief that women were a crucial part of educating their children to uphold republican ideals. increased women's role and provided educational opportunities

encroachment

intrusion on or seizure of territory by Europeans as they expanded into tribal lands

republican government

first defined by constitution. provided representation through elected officials. a form of government that dates democratic ideals, where power resides in the people

common sense

a propaganda piece used to spark enlightenment ideas. spoke of tyrannical rule of Britain and encouraged the rejection of British sovereignty

separation of powers

the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies

Proclamation of 1763

restricted the natives access of the Appalachian mountains

Iroquois confederation

represents native unity between tribes and with Europe to limit white migration

Jay's treaty

decrease of British troops in Northwest

Pinckney's treaty of 1795

negotiations with Spanish regarding new orleans

seven years war (french-indian war)

British fought colonies against French and Indians for Ohio Valley. led to increase in British imperial enforcement due to war debts and an increase in colonial independence

Loyalists

supported British and battled against Patriots

George Washington

elected commander in chief at second continental congress. first president of US. favored republican form of government over direct democracy

natural rights

rights promoted democratic values and power to the people. illustrated by age of enlightenment. promoted equal and unity in colonies

declaration of independence

established natural rights. written by Jefferson

bill of righhts

protected individuals before constitution. attempt to heighten civil liberties and civil rights of American citizens

American revolution

a call to action by the colonists to promote resilience from the tyrannical British government

Northwest ordinance (1787 land ordinance)

prohibited institution of slavery in northwest territories

George Grenville

a person that increased British imperial control over colonists

Sugar act

replaced Molasses act, put a tariff. colonists were unhappy bc they saw it as a tax

Stamp act

tax placed on all materials

external tax

tariffs (seen as a law)

internal tax

direct taxes such as sales tax

Sons of Liberty

a radical group led by Samuel Adams that wanted to get rid of taxes

Townshend acts

external tax. colonists upset bc no representation

committees of correspondence

spread propaganda. created by colonists

Tea act

tax on tea. led to Boston tea party

Intolerable acts (coercive acts)

a set of acts passed bc British was afraid of another colonist uprising

Suffolk resolved

condemned intolerable acts, encouraged boycotts

the association

insured boycott is carried out

Lexington and concord

unofficial start to Americans revolution. led to second continental congress

Battle of Saratoga

turning point of revolution

Treaty of Paris

results: Mississippi east, Great lakes south = US

Shay's rebellion

a group of poor farmers revolting against government. frightened the elites

Constitutional convention

states meet up a Philadelphia

James Madison

"father of the constitution."

Virginia plan (large state plan)

state represented based on population

New Jersey plan (small state plan)

each state has same # of representatives

electoral collefe

selected president. only special voters that included wealthy white men

elastic clause

necessary and proper-where hamilton loose contrición dame from

federalism

balance of state and national power

supremacy clause

constitution is highest law of the land

hamilton's financial plan

funding at par, assumption of state debts, tariffs, excise taxes, NATIONAL BANK

whiskey rebellion

whiskey boys rebelled bc tax on whiskey

alexander hamilton

federalist party. wanted strong national government. for wealthy. future of America = banks. pro Britain

thomas jefferson

democratic republican party. rhle fir the people. favors the common man, farmers

impressment

british taking americans on their naval ships

Treaty of Grenville

gave up land to U.S in great lake region

Alien act

harder for immigrants to become a citizen

sedition acts

violated first amendment. did not allow anyone to talk bad about government

mudslinging

negative campaigning, trash talking

XYZ affair

french tried to bribe Americans which led to "quasi war" with french