Neuroscience Pop Quiz/Exam 1 Review (Anatomy of the Nervous System - Telencephalon)

Rostral

Forward/anterior

Caudal

Posterior

Dorsal

Superior

Ventral

Inferior

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

\-Dura mater

\-Subarachnoid

\-Pia mater

Dura Mater

\-"Tough mother"

\-Two-layered structure (periosteal layer and inner meningeal layer)

What happens when the inner meningeal layer divides from the outer periosteal layer?

Fluid filled spaces form \= sinuses

What type of blood are sinuses filled with?

Venous blood

What does the inner meningeal layer create?

Creates a meningeal fold which runs through portions of our brain

What will you find in the subarachnoid space?

Vasculature (arteries/veins) and CSF

Pia Mater

\-"Gentle mother"

\-Directly attached to the subarachnoid space and right on the brain surface

Falx Cerebri

\-Portion of the inner meningeal layer of our dura mater

\-Separates the L/R cerebral hemispheres

Tentorium Cerebelli

Forms a "tent" over the cerebellum which separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum

Epidural Hemorrhage

\-Arterial bleed between the skull and epidural space

\-May lead to drowsiness, confusion, headache and then progress to paralysis, coma, and death

What artery hemorrhages during an epidural hemorrhage?

Middle meningeal artery

What happens during an epidural hemorrhage?

Direct hit on the side of the head --\> tears middle meningeal artery --\> blood will fill the epidural space and flood the brain (creating pressure) --\> will start to herniate and pop into teh meningeal folds --\> pops through the tentorium cerebrelli

Subdural Hemorrhage

\-Occurs between the periosteal and inner meningeal layer

\-Shearing injury to our bridging veins

Why do symptoms come slower in subdural hemorrhages than epidural hemorrhages?

Symptoms come on slower because venous pressure is lower than arterial pressure

Midline Shift

Can happen with any kind of hemorrhage, too much blood in the brain \= brain can shift

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Arterial hemorrhage (arteries supply the cortex of the brain), caused by trauma, and susceptible to congenital malformations and aneurisms

Central Sulcus

Dividing line between the frontal and parietal lobes

Lateral Sulcus

Division between the temporal from the frontal and parietal lobes

What anatomical structure can the limbic lobe be found in?

Cingulate gyrus

Where can the primary motor cortex be found?

Precentral gyrus

What is the frontal pole?

Creates personality

Where can the primary somatosensory cortex be found?

Postcentral gyrus

Stereognosis

The ability to recognize an object based on touch

What is the anatomical name of the primary visual cortex?

Calcarine Sulcus

Olfactory Nerve (cranial nerve I)

Association with the sense of smell and goes straight to the limbic lobe

Hippocampus (hippocampal formation)

\-Part of the limbic system

\-Role in memory formation, controls attention to things that are relevant, and helps with spatial navigation

Amygdala

\-Part of the limbic system

\-Involves emotional memory formation and emotional responsiveness

Ganglia

Collection of neuron cell bodies \= grey matter in the CNS

Corpus Callosum

The collection of fibers that connect the L/R sides of the brain

What is the movement of CSF starting at the lateral ventricle?

Lateral ventricle --\> through intraventricular foramen --\> into 3rd ventricle