ACA Lower limb

toes, ankle

gastrocnemius actions

flex knee (tibiofemoral joint)

plantarflex the ankle (talocrural joint)

gastrocnemius Origin

femur condyles, posterior surfaces

gastrocnemius Insertion

calcaneus via calcaneus tendon

gastrocnemius nerve

tibial, S1, 2

soleus actions

plantarflex the ankle (talocrural joint)

soleus Origin

soleal line: proximal, posterior surfaces of tibia; posterior aspect of head of fibula

soleus insertion

calcaneus via calcaneus tendon

soleus nerve

tibial, L5, S1, 2

plantaris Actions

weak planar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint)

weak flexion of the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

plantaris Origin

lateral supracondylar line of femur

plantaris insertion

calcaneus vis calcaneus tendon

plantaris nerve

tibial L4, 5, S1 (2)

peroneus/fibularis longus action

evert the foot

assist plantarflexion of ankle (talocrural joint)

peroneus/fibularis longus origin

head of fibula and proximal 2/3rds of lateral fibula

peroneus/fibularis longus Insertion

base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

peroneal/fibularis longus nerve

superficial peroneal/fibular, L4, 5, S1

peroneal/fibularis brevis action

evert foot

assist in planar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint)

peroneal/fibularis brevis origin

distal 2/3rds of lateral fibula

peroneal/fibularis brevis insertion

tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

peroneal/fibularis brevis nerve

superficial peroneal/fibularis, L4, L5, S1

Tibialis posterior action

invert foot

plantarflex ankle (talocrural joint)

tibialis posterior origin

proximal, posterior shaft of tibia, interosseous membrane

tibialis posterior insertion

5th tarsal bone and base of 2nd-4th metatarsals

tibialis posterior nerve

tibial, L4, 5, S1

flexor digitorium longus (FDL) action

flex 2nd-5th toes (MTP and IP joints)

weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint)

invert foot

flexor digitorium longus (FDL) origin

middle, posterior surfaces of tibia

flexor digitorium longus (FDL) insertion

distal phalanges of 2nd-5th toes

flexor digitorium longus (FDL) nerve

Tibial, L5, S1, 2

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) action

flex the 1st toe (MTP and IP)

weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint)

invert foot

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) origin

middle half of posterior fibula

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) insertion

distal phalanx of 1st toe

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) nerve

tibia; L5. S1, 2

Tom

tibialis posterior

Dick

flexor digitorum longus

AN

Tibial artery

Harry

flexor hallucis longus

Tibialis anterior action

invert foot

dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)

tibialis anterior origin

lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia; interosseous membrane

tibialis anterior insertion

medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

tibialis anterior nerve

deep peroneal/fibular, L4, 5, S1

extensor digitorum longus (EDL) action

extend 2nd-5th toes (MTP and IP joint)

dorsiflex ankle (talocrural joint)

evert the foot

extensor digitorum longus (EDL) origin

lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula; and interosseous

membrane

extensor digitorum longus (EDL) insertion

middle and distal phalanges of 2nd- 5th toes

extensor digitorum longus (EDL) nerve

deep peroneal/ fibular, L4, 5, S1

extensor hallucis longus (EHL) action

extend the 1st toe (MTP and IP)

dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)

invert foot

extensor hallucis longus (EHL) origin

middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

extensor hallucis longus (EHL) insertion

distal phalanx of 1st toe

extensor hallucis longus (EHL) nerve

deep peroneal/fibular, L4, 5, S1

tibialis anterior action

invert foot

dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)

tibialis anterior origin

lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia; interosseous membrane

tibialis anterior insertion

medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

tibialis anterior nerve

deep peroneal/fibular L4, 5, S1

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) action

flex 1st toe (MTP and IP)

weak plantar flexion of ankle

invert the foot

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) origin

middle half of posterior fibula

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) insertion

distal phalanx of first toe

Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) nerve

tibial L5, S1, 2

peroneus/fibularis tertius action

assists to evert the foot

assists in dorsiflexing the ankle (talocrural joint)

peroneus/fibularis tertius origin

medial surface (distal 3rd) of fibula, interosseous membrane (anterior surface)

peroneus/fibularis tertius insertion

dorsal surface of base of metatarsal bone 5

peroneus/fibularis tertius nerve

deep peroneal/fibular, L5, S1