Section 1: Language + Vygotsky

Language

A form of communication based on symbols, such as spoken, written, or signed words, that follows shared rules.

Phonology

The sound system of a language.

Phoneme

The smallest unit of sound in a language.

Morphology

The rules for word formation.

Morpheme

The smallest unit of meaning in language.

Syntax

The rules for word order and sentence structure.

Semantics

The meaning of words and sentences.

Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

A theory that says children learn through social interaction and culture.

Constructivist Approach

The idea that learners actively build their own understanding.

Private Speech

Speech children use to guide their own thinking and behavior.

Scaffolding

Temporary support from a more skilled person that helps someone learn.

Zone of Proximal Development

The gap between what someone can do alone and what they can do with help.

Limitation of Vygotsky’s Theory

It may place too much emphasis on language and social interaction.