Hydrates and Simple Organic Compounds Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering nomenclature, prefixes, chemical formulas, and classifications of hydrates and simple organic hydrocarbons based on chemistry lecture notes.

Hydrate

An ionic compound that contains water within its crystal structure.

Hydrocarbons

Organic molecules containing just hydrogen and carbon.

Straight Chain Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons that follow the ratio $C_n H_{2n+2}$ and have names ending in -ane.

Cyclic Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons that follow the formula $C_n H_{2n}$ and are named using standard hydrocarbon conventions preceded by the word "cyclo".

Hydrate Naming Convention

The standard where the ionic compound name is written first, followed by a Greek prefix indicating the number of water molecules, and ending with "hydrate".

Hydrate Formula Convention

The standard of writing the formula with a centered dot between the ionic compound formula and the water molecules.

Mono-

The Greek prefix representing $1$ water molecule.

Di-

The Greek prefix representing $2$ water molecules.

Tri-

The Greek prefix representing $3$ water molecules.

Tetra-

The Greek prefix representing $4$ water molecules.

Penta-

The Greek prefix representing $5$ water molecules.

Hexa-

The Greek prefix representing $6$ water molecules.

Hepta-

The Greek prefix representing $7$ water molecules.

Octa-

The Greek prefix representing $8$ water molecules.

Nona-

The Greek prefix representing $9$ water molecules.

Deca-

The Greek prefix representing $10$ water molecules.

Meth-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $1$ carbon atom.

Eth-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $2$ carbon atoms.

Prop-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $3$ carbon atoms.

But-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $4$ carbon atoms.

Pent-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $5$ carbon atoms.

Hex-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $6$ carbon atoms.

Hept-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $7$ carbon atoms.

Oct-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $8$ carbon atoms.

Non-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $9$ carbon atoms.

Dec-

The organic prefix for a carbon chain containing $10$ carbon atoms.

$$C_n H_{2n+2}$$

The formula ratio for straight chain (linear) hydrocarbons.

$$C_n H_{2n}$$

The general formula for cyclic hydrocarbons.

Lithium chloride heptahydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $LiCl \times 7H_2 O$.

Iron(III) chloride hexahydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $FeCl_3 \times 6H_2 O$.

Sodium nitrate pentahydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $NaNO_3 \times 5H_2 O$.

Lithium nitrate dihydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $LiNO_3 \times 2H_2 O$.

Magnesium chloride monohydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $MgCl_2 \times 1H_2 O$.

Sodium phosphate pentahydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $Na_3 PO_4 \times 5H_2 O$.

Strontium nitride tetrahydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $Sr_3 N_2 \times 4H_2 O$.

Cobalt (II) nitride hexahydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $Co_3 N_2 \times 6H_2 O$.

Lead (III) chloride monohydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $PbCl_3 \times 1H_2 O$.

Magnesium chloride trihydrate

A hydrate compound with the formula $MgCl_2 \times 3H_2 O$.

Decane

A straight chain alkane hydrocarbon with the formula $C_{10} H_{22}$.

Octane

A straight chain alkane hydrocarbon with the formula $C_8 H_{18}$.

Heptane

A straight chain alkane hydrocarbon with the formula $C_7 H_{16}$.

Hexane

A straight chain alkane hydrocarbon with the formula $C_6 H_{14}$.

Cyclobutane

A cyclic hydrocarbon containing $4$ carbons with the formula $C_4 H_8$.

Cyclopentane

A cyclic hydrocarbon containing $5$ carbons with the formula $C_5 H_{10}$.

Pentane

A straight chain alkane hydrocarbon with the formula $C_5 H_{12}$.

Cyclodecane

A cyclic hydrocarbon containing $10$ carbons with the formula $C_{10} H_{20}$.

Cyclooctane

A cyclic hydrocarbon containing $8$ carbons with the formula $C_8 H_{16}$.

Butane

A straight chain alkane hydrocarbon with the formula $C_4 H_{10}$.