Transition Metals and Complexes Nomenclature

Flashcards with vocabulary terms and definitions.

H2O

aqua

NH3

ammine

CO

carbonyl

CH3NH2

methylamine

NO

nitrosyl

C5H5N

pyridine

F-

fluoro

Cl-

chloro

Br-

bromo

I-

iodo

O(2-)

oxo

OH-

hydroxo

CN-

cyano

SO4(2-)

sulfato

S2O3(2-)

thiosulfato

NO2-

nitrito-N-

ONO-

nitrito-O-

SCN-

thiocyanato-S-

NCS-

thiocyanato-N-

NH2CH2CH2NH2 (bidentate)

ethylenediamine (en)

C2O4(2-) (bidentate)

oxalato (ox)

C4H13N3 (tridentate)

diethylenetriamine

C10H16N2O8(4-) (hexadentate)

ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)

Scandium (Sc)

Common O.S. = 0, +3 no d-electrons in ions (colorless and diamagnetic)

Titanium (Ti)

Common O.S. = 0, +4 similar chemistry to C, Si strong, light-weight metal used in paint as brightener

Vanadium (V)

Common O.S. = 0, +5 used in alloys to strengthen material toxic

Nobium (Nb) & Tantalum (Ta)

Common O.S. = 0, +5 named after Greek mythology Nobium is a material for superconductors

Chromium (Cr)

Common O.S. = 0, +3, +4, +6 first family with multiple oxidation states found in nature name derived from greek word for color toxic

Molybdenum (Mo) & Tungsten (W)

Common O.S. = 0, +3, +4, +6 biologically important for enzymes/pigments W has a high melting point (used for light bulb filaments)

Manganese (Mn)

most O.S. of first row transition metals +2, +3, +4, +6, +7 only found as an ore in nature (not as a pure metal) used as a catalyst used in alkaline batteries used as a strengthening component in steel used as a cofactor to many enzymes permanganates are very strong oxidizing agents

Technetium (Tc)

lightest radioactive element man made

Iron (Fe)

Possible O.S. = +2 to +6, Common O.S. = +2, +3 major component in steel most common element by mass oxygen transport, redox enzymes

Cobalt (Co)

O.S.= +2, +3 D to D transitions very rare to find pure blue

Rhodium (Rh)

hard, corrosion resistant, chemically inert very rare excellent metal for plating jewelry

Iridium (Ir)

rare, comes from outer space

Nickel (Ni) & Palladium (Pd) & Platinum (Pt)

O.S. = +2 stable, less reactive metals all are good catalysts Nickel: coins, batteries Platinum: rare, unreactive

Copper (Cu)

O.S. = +1, +2 excellent conductor, durable

Silver (Ag)

O.S. = +1 highest thermal/electrical conductivity and reflectivity

Gold (Au)

O.S. = +1, +3 unreactive, malleable

Zinc (Zn)

O.S. = +2 corrosion resistant, toxic

Cadmium (Cd)

Common O.S. = +2 toxic, used in batteries

Mercury (Hg)

toxic, liquid at room temperature

Alkali Metals (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr)

Common O.S. = +1 react vigorously with water to form H2 gas highly reactive react with oxygen to form oxides, peroxides, and superoxides Lithium: important for batteries

Hydrogen (H)

lightest element small, low intermolecular forces non-metal

Alkaline Earth Metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)

Common O.S. = +2 low densities, low melting/boiling points, low solubility Beryllium: smaller, harder, higher melting point/ionization en-

Alkaline Earth Metals (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra)

ergy, less reactive Radium: radioactive Magnesium/Calcium: lower solubility (hard water) Barium: toxic, absorbs X-rays, used in gastromedicine

Group 13 (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl)

Common O.S. = +1, +3 metals are soft, relatively reactive Aluminium: +3, aluminum oxide is the basis for many gems Boron: not a metal, supports 6 electrons in valence, can form dimers Gallium: higher density liquid, low melting point

Group 14 (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb)

common OS: +2, +4 carbon and silcon can be -4 Carbon: can form pi bonds, basis for life Silicon: Si-O bonds are stronger than Si-Si bonds, basis for biological world Germanium: rare, semiconductors Tin: soft metal, silvery color Lead: soft, toxic, low melting point

Group 15 (N, P, As, Sb, Bi)

Common O.S. = multiple Nitrogen: stable or highly reactive, can form pi bonds, DNA, nitrogen fixation, atmosphere Phosphorus: larger, d-orbitals available for electrons, ATP/ADP, fertilizer Arsenic: toxic, semi-metal Bismuth: heavy, not toxic, substitute for lead

Group 16 (O, S, Se, Te, Po)

Common O.S. = 0, -1, -2 Oxygen: found as O2 and O3 (toxic) Sulfur: unpleasant smell, many uses, 30 allotropes Polonium: radioactive, lethal, present in tobacco

Halogens (F, Cl, Br, I, At)

Common O.S. = -1 atomic form not found in nature (diatomic molecules) high electronegativity, polar covalent bonds oxyacids: HClO, HClO2, HClO3 Fluorine: small, high electronegativity, used in dental care, gives stability to CFCs and PFAs Astatine: radioactive, short half life

Noble Gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)

Common O.S. = 0 low reactivity, colorless, odorless, neutral Helium: forms no compounds, escapes atmosphere Neon: no compounds Argon: major component of air Krypton/Xenon: many stable compounds possible with expanded octet Radon: radioactive