NHA CCMA Anatomy and Physiology

What Organs belong to the female reproductive system?

1.Vagina

2.Cervix

3. Uterus

4. Ovary

5. Fallopian tubes

Describe the role of the Vagina, cervix, uterus, ovary, and fallopian tubes?

1. Vagina: Muscular canal that joins the cervix to the outside of the body. and widens during delivery.

2. Cervix: The lowest part of the uterus that allows sperm to enter and menstrual blood to exit.

3. Uterus: The Hollow organ that holds the fetus during pregnancy

4. Ovary: small glands connected to both sides of the uterus. They produce eggs and hormones.

5. Fallopian tubes: They connect the uterus to the ovaries

What Organs are a part of the male reproductive system?

1.Penis

2.Scrotum

3.Testicle

4.Epididymis

5. Vas deferens

6.Urethra

Describe the role of each organ in the male reproductive system.

1.Penis: three parts of the penis are the root, shaft, and glans

2.Scrotum: The loose pouch-like sac that is behind the penis and holds the testes

3.Testicle- Oval shaped organs that lie in the scrotum and produce sperm and testosterone.

4.Epididymis: The long coiled tube in the back of each testicle that stores the sperm that the testicles produce.

5. Vas deferens: Long and muscular tube that moves mature sperm to the urethra in preparation for ejaculation

6.Urethra: The tube that is covered by the penis that gets urine and semen out.

What are the organs and glands of the Endocrine system?

1. Pituitary Gland

2. Thyroid Gland

3. Parathyroid Gland

4. Adrenal Gland

5. Prostate/Testes

6. Pancreas

7. Ovaries/Uterus

8. Thymus

What are the functions of each of the organs and glands in the Endocrine system?

1. Pituitary Gland:Produces and releases a variety of hormones, including those that regulate growth, metabolism, sexual development, and reproductive functions.

2. Thyroid Gland: Produces hormones that regulate metabolism and body temperature.

3. Parathyroid Gland:

Regulate calcium levels in the blood and tissues

4. Adrenal Gland: Produce hormones that regulate stress response, blood pressure, metabolism, and salt/water balance.

5. Prostate/Testes: Produce testosterone, which regulates reproductive functions and secondary sexual characteristics.

6. Pancreas: Produces hormones like insulin and glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels.

7. Ovaries/Uterus: Produce estrogen and progesterone, which regulate reproductive functions and secondary sexual characteristics.

8. Thymus: Plays a role in immune function and produces hormones that support the development of immune cells

What are the organs in the respiratory system?

1. Nasal cavity

2. Pharynx

3. Trachea

4. Bronchi

5. Lung

6. Bronchioles

7. Alveoli

8. Diaphragm

What are the organs involved in the digestive system, and describe their function ?

1. Mouth: beginning of the digestive system

2. Esophagus: the organ that receives the food that is swallowed. It moves it with muscular contractions.

3. Stomach: A Hollow organ that holds food while mixed with enzymes.

4. Small Intestine: Muscular tube that breaks down food using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver. (1. Duodenum, 2. Jejunum, 3. Ileum)

5. Anus: The last part of the digestive track.

6. Pancreas: Secretes digestive enzymes and makes insulin

7. Liver: Processes the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine.

8. Gallbladder: This organ stores and concentrates bile from the liver and releases it into the duodenum in the small intestine to help absorb and digest fat.

What are the parts of the nervous system?

1. Central Nervous System

2. Peripheral Nervous System

3. Somatic Nervous System

4. Autonomic Nervous System

What are the functions of the different parts of the nervous system?

1. Central Nervous System: CNS is the brain and spinal cord

2. Peripheral Nervous System: PNS is the network of nerves

3. Somatic Nervous System: Guides your voluntary movements

4. Autonomic Nervous System: Regulates the activities you do without thinking about them.

What are the different parts of the brain?

1. Temporal Lobe

2. Frontal Lobe

3. Parietal Lobe

4. Occipital Lobe

5. Pons

6. Cerebellum

7. Medulla

What is the purpose of the Nervous System?

The nervous system commands the body with the brain, nerves, and spinal cord.

What are the functions of the seven different parts of the brain?

1. Temporal Lobe: Helps with recalling words and understanding languages.

2. Frontal Lobe: Controls voluntary movements, speech, and intellect.

3. Parietal Lobe: This lobe receives and interprets signals from other brain parts.

4. Occipital Lobe: Controls how you process shapes, colors, and movements

5. Pons: Controls Sensation

6. Cerebellum: Maintains balance, posture, coordination and fine motor skills

7. Medulla: Controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

What are the different organs of the Urinary system and their function?

1. Kidneys: Blood- filtering organs

2. Ureters: The ducts that connect your kidneys to your bladder

3. Bladder: The organ that holds the urine

4. Urethra: The tube that is connected to the bladder that lets the urine out

What is the purpose of the Urinary System?

The system filters your blood, removing waste and excess water.

What is the purpose of the Lymphatic system?

This system protects your body from infection and keeps a healthy balance of fluids throughout the body

What are the organs associated with the Lymphatic system?

1. Bone Marrow

2. Thymus

3. Lymph nodes

4. Spleen

What does purpose does the Integumentary system serve?

This system consists of your skin, hair, nails, and glands. This is the first line of defense against bacteria.

What is the anatomy of hair, skin layers, and glands of the Integumentary system?

Anatomy:

1. Hair Shaft

2. Hair Follicle

3. Hair Bulb

Skin Layers:

1. Epidermis

2. Dermis

3. Hypodermis

Glands:

1. Sebaceous gland

2. Sudoriferous gland

Explain the three layers of skin

1. Epidermis: The top layer of the skin that you can see.

2. Dermis: The middle layer of the skin. This is the thickest layer of skin.

3. Hypodermis: The bottom layer of the skin. This is the fatty layer.

Explain the three parts of the anatomy of the hair.

1. Hair Shaft: The part of the hair that you can see

2. Hair Follicle: The tube-like structure that keeps your hair in your skin

3. Hair Bulb:

It is under the skin and responsible for hair growth

Describe the two glands in the Integumentary system

1. Sebaceous glands: Oil gland

2. Sudoriferous gland: Secrete sweat

What is the Anatomy of the nail?

1. Nail plate

2. Nail bed

3. Cuticle

4. Matrix

5. Lunula

Describe the 5 parts of the anatomy of the nail.

1. Nail plate: The hard part of the nail you can see

2. Nail bed: The skin under the nail plate

3. Cuticle: The thin skin under the nail plate

4. Matrix: The root of the nail responsible for the growth

5.Lunula: The white, moon shaped part of the nail plate.

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system? and what organs are involved in it?

Purpose: Transport nutrients and oxygen to tissues. Transports waste to organs for removal.

Organs:

1. Heart

2. Blood

3. Blood Vessels

How many liters of blood does the heart carry?

4-6 Liters

What kinds of blood vessels are involved in the cardiovascular system, and describe each of them

1. Capillaries: Thin walls that allow oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste products to pass in and out of the cells

2. Arteries: Thin, muscular tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and to every part of your body

3. Veins: Return oxygenated blood to the heart

What is the biggest Artery in the body?

Aorta is the biggest artery of the body

What is the difference between the two Veins the Superior vena cava and the Inferior vena cava?

1.Superior vena cava:

Carries blood up to the upper body

2.Inferior vena cava:

Carries blood down to the lower body

Explain the blood flow of oxygen-poor blood (Veins)

1. Superior Vena Cava/ Inferior Vena Cava

2. Right Atrium

3. Tricuspid Valve

4. Right Ventricle

5. Pulmonary Valve

6. Pulmonary Artery

Explain the blood flow of Oxygenated blood (Arteries)

1. Pulmonary Vein

2. Left Atrium

3. Mitral Valve

4. Left Ventricle

5. Aortic Valve

6. Aorta

Explain the blood flow steps of oxygen-poor blood (veins)

1. Oxygen-poor blood from all over your body goes to the two large veins, your superior vena cava and inferior vena cava. Then goes to the right atrium.

2. tour tricuspid valve is like a door so it opens to let blood travel from your right atrium to your right ventricle.

3. When your right ventricle is full it squeezes, which closes your tricuspid valve and opens your pulmonary valve. So it opens another door.

4. Blood flows through the pulmonary artery then goes to the lungs, where it gets oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. (So it can be oxygen rich blood).

Explain the blood flow of oxygenated blood (Arteries).

1. Oxygenated blood travels from your lungs to the pulmonary veins. Then goes to the left atrium.

2. Your mitral valve opens to send blood from your left atrium to your left ventricle.

3. When your left ventricle is full it squeezes, which closes your mitral valve and opens your aortic valve.

4. Your heart sends blood through your aortic valve to your aorta, where it flows to the rest of your body.

Define Superior

Above

Define Anterior

In front of

Define Inferior

below

Define Posterior

In the back of

Define Medial

Closer toward the midline

Define proximal

Closest to the root of the limb

Define Lateral

Farther from the midline

Deine Distal

Farther from the root of the limb

Define Deep

Farther from the surface of the body

Define Superficial

Closest to the surface of the body

what are the three planes of the body?

1. Transverse Plane

2. Sagittal Plane

3. Coronal Plane

What are the two main body cavities?

1. Dorsal Cavity

2. Ventral Cavity

What cavities are included in the Dorsal cavity and what do they hold?

-Cranial Cavity: Holds the brain

-Vertebral Cavity: Holds the spine

What cavities are included in the Ventral Cavity and what do these cavities hold?

-Thoracic Cavity: Holds the heart and lungs

-Abdominal Cavity: Hold the digestive system and kidneys

-Pelvic cavity: Holds the bladder and reproductive system