HBS Unit 3.1 Cardiovascular System

cardiac muscle

Involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.

atria

2 upper chambers of the heart

ventricles

the two lower chambers of the heart

superior vena cava

transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the right atrium

inferior vena cava

carries blood from lower regions of the body to right atrium

pulmonary trunk

carries blood from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries

pulmonary arteries

the vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

pulmonary veins

carry the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart

aorta

The large arterial trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body.

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

biscuspid valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; also known as the mitral valve

aortic valve

heart valve between the left ventricle and the aorta

pulmonary valve

valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

tunica externa

outer layer of a blood vessel which connects it to surrounding tissues

tunic media

inner layer of a blood vessel which contains smooth muscle

smooth muscle

Involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body

tunic interna

lines the lumen of a blood vessel; composed of epithelial tissue

artery

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

vein

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

capillary

A tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells.

heart rate

A measure of cardiac activity usually expressed as the number of beats per minute.

blood pressure

the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels

normal heart rate

60-100 bpm

normal blood pressure

120/80 mmHg

SPHYGMAMANOMETER

instrument used for indirectly determining arterial blood pressure

stethoscope

a medical instrument for listening to the sounds generated inside the body

doppler

ultrasonography used to assess blood flow through blood vessels and the heart

electrocardiogram

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart

systolic blood pressure

the pressure created in the arteries when the left ventricle contracts and forces blood out into circulation

diastolic blood pressure

the pressure in the arteries when the left ventricle is refilling

cardiac output

The volume of blood ejected from the left side of the heart in one minute; heart rate x stroke volume

stroke volume

The amount of blood ejected from the heart in one contraction.

ankle-brachial index

Comparison of the blood pressure in the leg vs. the arm; normal ratio is greater than 1

peripheral artery disease

A circulatory condition in which narrowed blood vessels reduce blood flow to the limbs.

SA node

pacemaker of the heart

AV node

relays electrical impulses from atria into ventricles

Bundle of His

neurological fibers extending from the AV node to the right and left bundle branches that fire the impulse from the AV node to the Purkinje fibers

Purkinje fibers

specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles

P wave

EKG component; atrial contraction

QRS complex

EKG component; ventricular contraction

T wave

EKG component; ventricular relaxation

bradycardia

slow heart rate

tachycardia

fast heart rate