Honors Biology Review Flashcards

Flashcards based on Honors Biology lecture notes focusing on tissue types, organ systems, muscle function, skeletal system, and nervous system.

Epithelial Tissue

Tissue that covers, such as the epidermis (skin).

Connective Tissue

Tissue that holds structures together, such as cartilage.

Muscle Tissue

Tissue responsible for movement, such as skeletal muscle.

Nerve Tissue

Tissue that transmits information, found in the brain and spinal cord.

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscle found attached to the skeleton.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle found in internal organs.

Cardiac Muscle

Muscle found only in the heart.

Actin

Thin protein filament necessary for muscle contraction.

Myosin

Thick protein filament with 'heads' that pull on actin, necessary for muscle contraction.

Flexors

Muscles that bend a limb at a joint.

Extensors

Muscles that straighten a limb at a joint.

Axial Skeleton

Part of the skeleton that includes the skull, spine, and ribs.

Appendicular Skeleton

Part of the skeleton that includes the arms and legs.

Osteoporosis

A condition where bones become weak and brittle.

Central Nervous System

Includes the brain and spinal cord; control center of the body.

Peripheral Nervous System

Includes nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord.

Integumentary System

System that includes skin and associated structures; functions include protection and regulation.

Skeletal System

System of bones that provide support and structure.

Muscular System

System responsible for movement.

Endocrine System

System that regulates and coordinates the body's functions through hormones.

Nervous System

System that collects and evaluates information and issues commands.

Reproductive System

System involved in the production of offspring (testes, penis, and associated ducts in males; ovaries, uterus in females).

Circulatory System

System that transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and cells.

Immune System

System that defends against pathogens and cancer.

Respiratory System

System that obtains oxygen and releases carbon dioxide

Digestive System

System, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas, is responsible for breaking down food.

Urinary System

System, composed of the kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra, removes waste from the body.