Church Models and Key Terms: Ecclesiology, Sacraments, and Evangelization

Ekklesia

Greek word meaning 'assembly' or 'church,' referring to the community of believers.

Ecclesiology

The study of the Church—its nature, structure, and mission.

Diakonos

Greek for 'servant' or 'minister'; root word for deacon.

Papal encyclical

An official letter written by the Pope to teach about Church doctrine or moral issues.

Evangelization

Spreading the message (Gospel) of Jesus Christ.

New Evangelization

Re-proposing the Gospel to people who have already heard it but drifted away.

Episkopos

Greek for 'bishop,' meaning overseer.

Presbyter

Greek for 'elder,' refers to priests.

Deacon

An ordained minister who serves the Church through service, charity, and assisting priests.

Curia

The administrative body that helps the Pope run the Church.

Sacrament

An outward sign instituted by Christ that gives grace.

Ecumenism

Efforts to promote unity among different Christian churches.

Church militant

Believers on Earth.

Church suffering

Souls in purgatory.

Church triumphant

Saints in heaven.

Sacrament vs symbol

A symbol only represents something. A sacrament actually gives grace and makes God present.

Four ways Christ is present at Mass

1. In the Eucharist 2. In the priest 3. In the Word (Scripture) 4. In the assembly (people gathered)

Marks of the Church

Found in the Nicene Creed; describe the true Church: One, Holy, Catholic (universal), Apostolic.

Subsists in meaning

The true Church of Christ fully exists in the Catholic Church, though elements exist outside it.

The 'rock'

Peter is the rock (from Matthew 16:18); this matters because it gives unity and leadership.

Three branches of Christianity

1. Catholic 2. Orthodox 3. Protestant; Largest: Catholic Church.

Institution → Herald

The institutional Church organizes teaching and ensures the message stays accurate.

Institution → Servant

Structure allows organized charity (schools, hospitals, aid).

Institution → Communion

Provides unity through shared beliefs and leadership.