Mongols Overview

Mongol dominating time period

The Mongols dominated Eurasia throughout the late 12th and 13th century.

Mongol Origins

Originated in Gobi Desert Region as pastoral nomads

Khan

leader of Mongols

Chinggis Khan

1. superior cavalry

2. brutality

3. strategy

4. pony express system for communication

Khanate

kingdom

Khanate made in 1227’s location

Stretched across Asia from the North China sea to Persia

Divisions of the Mongol Empire created on Chinggis Khan’s death

1. Golden Horde

2. Chagatai Khanate

3. Ilkhanate

4. Yuan Dynasty (Khanate of the Great Khan)

Ruler of the Golden Horde

Batu

Batu Characteristics

1. Russia Invasion 1236-1240

2. Brutality

3. Western Europe 1240 invasion

Ruler over the Islamic areas of central/southern Asia

Helugu

Helugu Characteristics

1. Siege of Baghdad 1258

2. Defeated in 1260 by mamelukes

Siege of Baghdad 1258

1. Resisted Mongol Invasion

2. Executed the Caliph

3. killed 800000+

4. Ended the Abbaid Dynasty

Ruler over Yuan Dynasty

Khubilai Khan

Yuan Dynasty characteristics

1. First foreign dynasty in Chinese history

2. Ended the Song Dynasty

3. Encouraged trade and foreign interactions

Mongols’ actions with Chinese Culture

purge it and discourage mixing it with Mongolian culture/communication

Mongols’ relationship with Confucianism

Embraced & focused on merchants and trade

Mongols opinions on foreign cultures

encouraged trade and interaction

Conflict rising during the Mongol Empire

Merchant Class vs Scholar Gentry

Women’s rights in Mongol society

independent lives, had responsibilities of nomadic culture, can remarry

When and why the Mongol Empire weakened

mid 1300s; Plague, Incompetent successors, internal struggles/revolts, resistance in East Europe and Persia