Ch3 - Cell Vocabulary

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelle that creates cell parts or modifies some proteins helping to create the shape of the protein, Sex hormones are created by this organelle. Detoxifies cells. Often called the 'factory of the cell". No ribosomes are attached.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Organelle that creates cell parts or modifies some proteins, has ribosomes attached to it. Detoxifies cells. Makes insulin. Often called the 'factory of the cell"

Ribosome

Small particles in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein.

Prokaryotic Cell

Single-celled microorganisms that lacks a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.

Passive Transport

A type of transport of molecule across the cell membrane. Any molecule that can fit through the transport protein will be allowed in, regardless of shape. Does not require energy

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Nucleus

Large structure inside some cells that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls activities.

Nucleolus

Dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of ribosomes begins

Nuclear Envelope

Double-membrane layer that surrounds the nucleus of a cell

Mitochondrion

Cell organelle that releases energy form stored food molecules. The organelle creates the ATP.

Lysosomes

Cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell.

Large Vacuole

Found in plant cells to store water and maintain shape of plant cell

Isotonic Solution

A solution that has the same concentration of molecules as would be inside of a cell. (Egg in scrambled egg) The cell will stay the same size as it is already in dynamic equilibrium.

Hypotonic Solution

A solution that has a lower concentration of molecules than what would be inside of a cell. (Egg in water solution) The cell will absorb water to try to dilute the molecules inside the cell.

Hypertonic Solution

A solution that has a greater concentration of molecules than what would be inside of a cell. (Egg in syrup solution) The cell will lose water to try to dilute the concentrated solution.

Golgi Apparatus

Stack of membranes in the cell in which enzymes attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins to create "tags" on the cell membrane. The protein enters this organelle after going through the ER.

Facilitated Diffusion

A type of passive transport where the shape of the molecule must match the shape of the transport protein to enter into the cell. Does not require energy

Eukaryotic Cell

Cells that have membrane bound organelles. Fungus, protozoans, plants and animals are all made of this type of cell.

Diffusion

Process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated.

Cytoplasm

Material inside the cell membrane-but not including the nucleus. Many amino acids and other molecules float around in this cellular fluid

Chromatin

Granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins

Chloroplast

Organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that uses energy from sunlight to make energy-rich food molecules by photosynthesis.

Cell Wall

Strong layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria.

Cell Membrane

Thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Cell Theory

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in livings things AND Idea that all living things are composed of cells AND New cells are produced from existing cells.

Active Transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference