AP US History Chapter 12

Henry Clay

United States politician responsible for the Missouri Compromise between free and slave states (1777-1852)

Francis Scott Key

United States lawyer and poet who wrote a poem after witnessing the British attack on Baltimore during the War of 1812

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

John Quincy Adams

Secretary of State, He served as sixth president under Monroe. In 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. The Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.

Washington Irving

American writer remembered for the stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," contained in The Sketch Book (1819-1820).

Daniel WEbster

Senator who, originally pro-North, supported the Compromise of 1850 and subsequently lost favor from his constituency

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

James Monroe

5th president, begins expansionism including Florida and Missouri, as well as reigning over the Era of Good Feelings

James Fenimore Cooper

United States novelist noted for his stories of indians and the frontier life (1789-1851)

William Henry Harrison

was an American military leader, politician, the ninth President of the United States, and the first President to die in office. His death created a brief constitutional crisis, but ultimately resolved many questions about presidential succession left unanswered by the Constitution until passage of the 25th Amendment. Led US forces in the Battle of Tippecanoe.

nationalism

love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it

American System

an economic regime pioneered by Henry Clay which created a high tariff to support internal improvements such as road-building. This approach was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper by themselves This would eventually help America industrialize and become an economic power.

Tippecanoe

Ohio village invaded by William Henry Harrison.Found British gunpowder in village. Warhawks now have an excuse to declare war. War of 1812 is declared.

protective tariff

a tariff imposed to protect domestic firms from import competition

Gibbons v. Ogden

"steamboat case". interstate commerce & transportation is dealt by Congress.

Constitution

United States 44-gun frigate that was one of the first three naval ships built by the United States

nonintervention

This term, associated with the Monroe Doctrine, describes the United States decision regarding their involvement in European affairs.

Bonus Bill of 1817

would have parceled out $1.5 M to the states for internal improvements

Battle of Thames

General William Henry Harrison won a decisive victory over the British here, in a battle that also resulted in the death of Tecumseh.

sectionalism

loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under General Andrew Jackson defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe inspired by the Shawnee leader Tecumseh, effectively ending the Creek War.

Land Act of 1820

authorized a buyer to purchase 80 virgin acres at a minimum of $1.25 per acre in cash, it also brought about cheap transportation and cheap money

Isolationism

a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Fletcher v. Peck

arose with a GA legistlatire was swayed by bribary granted 35 million acres in the yazoo river country to private speculators, legislature cancelled it, said constitution forbid state laws imparing contracts

Monroe doctorine

james monroe's statement warning european nations not to colonize or interfere in the americas

Ohio Fever

European immigrants bought large amounts of cheap west American land.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Supreme Ct. ruled that a private corporation could not be altered by the state.

Tallmadge Amendment

This was an attempt to have no more slaves to be brought to Missouri and provided the gradual emancipation of the children of slaves. In the mind of the South, this was a threat to the sectional balance between North and South.

Russo-American Treaty of 1824

It gave Russian claims on the Pacific Northwest coast of North America south of parallel 54°40′ north over what Americans know as the Oregon Country to the United States.

Second Bank of the United States

chartered in 1816, much like its predecessor of 1791 but with more capital; it could not forbid state banks from issuing notes, but its size and power enabled it to compel the state banks to issue only sound notes or risk being forced out of business.

Era of Good Feelings

Monroe's presidency was marked by this era of nonpartisanship

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

McCulloch v. Maryland

attempt by maryland to destory a brach of the bank of the US by imposing a tax on its notes, most famous marshall decison..no national bank, upheld bank rights to exist and be free from taxes

Treaty of 1818

Treaty between Britain and America, it allowed the Americans to share the Newfoundland fisheries with Canada, and gave both countries a joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for the next 10 years.

Treaty of Ghent

December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

Tariff of 1816

This protective tariff helped American industry by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S.

Panic of 1819

Economic panic caused by extensive speculation and a decline of Europena demand for American goods along with mismanagement within the Second Bank of the United States. Often cited as the end of the Era of Good Feelings.

Battle of Plattsburgh

Battle where Thomas McDonough defeated the British in the North

Cohens v. Virginia

cohens selling lottery tickets illegally, VA sues; Marshall says VA is right, establishes supreme courts right to review cases tried by state courts

Florida Purchase Treaty

1819 - Under the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain sold Florida to the U.S., and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas. gave american southwest to spain

Hartford Convention

Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country and lost the Federalist much influence