psych 13-15

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

A broad spectrum of cognitive or emotional dysfunctions including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech & behavior, and inappropriate emotions.

Positive Symptoms

Symptoms that reflect excess or distortion of normal functions, such as delusions and hallucinations.

Negative Symptoms

Symptoms characterized by the absence or insufficiency of normal behavior, including avolition, alogia, anhedonia, asociality, and affective flattening.

Disorganized Symptoms

Symptoms that reflect confused or abnormal speech, behavior, and emotion, like cognitive slippage and inappropriate emotional behavior.

Delusions

Gross misrepresentations of reality, often characterized as the basic feature of madness.

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences without environmental input, often auditory in nature.

Catatonia

Unusual motor responses, particularly immobility or agitation, that may be considered a psychotic spectrum disorder.

Schizoaffective Disorder

Symptoms of schizophrenia alongside additional major mood episode experiences (depressive or manic), with psychotic symptoms occurring outside mood disturbances.

Delusional Disorder

Characterized by persistent delusions that are not accompanied by significant impairment of function.

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Positive symptoms of schizophrenia lasting less than 1 month, often precipitated by trauma or stress.

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Disorders diagnosed first in infancy, childhood, or adolescence, including ADHD, specific learning disorder, and Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Characterized by inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Involves problems in language, socialization, and cognition with restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.

Intellectual Disability

Characterized by significantly below-average intellectual functioning and limitations in adaptive behavior.

Neurocognitive Disorders

Involves a decline in cognitive function, including types such as major neurocognitive disorder and mild neurocognitive disorder.

Alzheimer's Disease

A major type of neurocognitive disorder that involves gradual deterioration of brain functions such as memory, orientation, and reasoning.

Vascular Neurocognitive Disorder

Cognitive impairments caused by blockage or damage to blood vessels, typically characterized by sudden onset.

Frontotemporal Neurocognitive Disorder

Refers to brain damage affecting personality and language, including Pick's disease.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Cognitive impairments following accidents, often including memory loss and executive function issues.

Substance/Medication-Induced Neurocognitive Disorder

Cognitive impairments resulting from chronic substance use or medication, with symptoms similar to dementia.

Prevention of Neurocognitive Disorders

Efforts aimed at reducing risks and promoting protective behaviors against the development of neurocognitive disorders.