Glencoe Biology - 6.4 Macromolecules

0.0(0)
GameKnowt Play
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/30

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

31 Terms

1

Amino acid

Small carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; monomers (building block) of proteins. "R" group makes each of the 20 amino acids unique.

<p>Small carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; monomers (building block) of proteins. "R" group makes each of the 20 amino acids unique.</p>
2

(Nitrogenous) Base

part of a nucleotide which make up Nucleic acids. It is the part that gives each nucleotide its identity. A,T,G,C or U

<p>part of a nucleotide which make up Nucleic acids. It is the part that gives each nucleotide its identity. A,T,G,C or U</p>
3

Carbohydrate

CHO 1:2:1 ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. CH2O. Used for quick energy and structure in plants.

<p>CHO 1:2:1 ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. CH2O. Used for quick energy and structure in plants.</p>
4

Lipid

CHO -biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes are lipids. Lots of CH bonds to break creates lots of energy.

<p>CHO -biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes are lipids. Lots of CH bonds to break creates lots of energy.</p>
5

Macromolecule

Large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules (subunits, monomers) together.

<p>Large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules (subunits, monomers) together.</p>
6

Nucleic acid

CHONP -Complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information. monomer is a nucleotide. DNA or RNA

7

Nucleotide

A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, ribose(RNA) or deoxyribose(DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

<p>A subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, ribose(RNA) or deoxyribose(DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.</p>
8

Polymer

Large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds. poly=many

<p>Large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds. poly=many</p>
9

Protein

CHON Organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building block of organisms. Used mainly for structure, enzymes, hormones

10

Monosaccharides

simplest form of sugar. water-soluble. often have a sweet taste. glucose. building blocks(monomers) of all carbohydrates

<p>simplest form of sugar. water-soluble. often have a sweet taste. glucose. building blocks(monomers) of all carbohydrates</p>
11

Disaccharides

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

<p>A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.</p>
12

Polysaccharide

A polymer of many simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis.

<p>A polymer of many simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis.</p>
13

Dehydration Synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. Occurs when larger molecules are created.

<p>A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. Occurs when larger molecules are created.</p>
14

Hydrolysis

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

<p>Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water</p>
15

DNA

A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule which caries the information for heredity. It determines the structure of proteins.

<p>A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule which caries the information for heredity. It determines the structure of proteins.</p>
16

RNA

A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages to DNA

<p>A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages to DNA</p>
17

Glycerol

The three carbon backbone molecule of the triglycerides

<p>The three carbon backbone molecule of the triglycerides</p>
18

Fatty Acid

chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms

<p>chains of carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms</p>
19

hydrogenated fats (trans-fats)

Unhealthy. Created by the partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fats. Found in many processed foods and margarines. Lowers good cholesterol, raises bad.

<p>Unhealthy. Created by the partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fats. Found in many processed foods and margarines. Lowers good cholesterol, raises bad.</p>
20

"sacharride"

means sugar. mono, di, poly. All are carbohydrates of various lenghts

21

Glycogen

large glucose storage molecule or polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch in plants. Think energy reserves that are not fats

<p>large glucose storage molecule or polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch in plants. Think energy reserves that are not fats</p>
22

Starch

large sugar storage molecule in plants. Made soley of glucose. also foods pastas, potatoes

23

cellulose

(made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of plants.. Structural - celery

24

end in "-ine"

most amino acids. i.e. leucine, valine, serine, glutamine...

<p>most amino acids. i.e. leucine, valine, serine, glutamine...</p>
25

end in "-ose"

many of the sugars. glucose, fructose, lactose...

<p>many of the sugars. glucose, fructose, lactose...</p>
26

monomer

The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer. ie amino acids, monosacharrides, nucleotides, fatty acid chains.

<p>The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer. ie amino acids, monosacharrides, nucleotides, fatty acid chains.</p>
27

Organic compound

Compounds that contain carbon. Carbs, lipids, proteins, fats.

28

carb. molecule

knowt flashcard image
29

lipid molecule

knowt flashcard image
30

Nucleotide molecule

knowt flashcard image
31

Steroids are

A lipid - hormones, cell membrane components