Philosophy test #1

What are the 5 branches of philosophy?

Epistemology,Logic, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics

If the premises are true,

The conclusions must be true

Metaphysics

The study of what exists and what those things are like

Aesthetics

Theory of Beauty, art, and the sublime

Epistomology

(Knowledge) The study of knowledge

Ethics/moral philosophy

Concerns of concepts right and wrong conduct

What are the 3 areas of ethics

Metaethics, normative, and applied

Meta ethics

Discusses the nature of morality

Normative ethics

Theories that explain what make actions right and wrong

Applied ethics

Application of normative theories to specific to specific cases

What are the two tests for good reasoning?

Avoid false premises,use proper logic

Premises can be true

And conclusions can be false

Informed fallacies

A mistake in reasoning due to a misuse of language or verbal trickery

Ad hominem

Attacking the person giving the argument rather than the statement or argument itself

Appeal to popularity

assume that the popularity of an idea or action gives us reason to accept it as true or good

False dilemma

A limited number of options (usually two) is given while in reality there are more options.

Hasty generalization

Drawing a conclusion based on a small sample size rather than looking at statistics

Begging the question

To assume the conclusion one is arguing for by making it both a premise and the conclusion. Also called circular reasoning

Slippery slope

Applying that one small step in a particular direction will inevitably lead to some future catastrophic event

Complex question

A question that contains a controversial or unjustified assumption. Also called "loaded question".

Equivocation

A fallacy depending on the double meaning of a word

Straw man

Attacking a weakened or distorted version of an argument, so it is easier to refute