Philosophy test #1

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24 Terms

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What are the 5 branches of philosophy?
Epistemology,Logic, metaphysics, ethics, and aesthetics
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If the premises are true,
The conclusions must be true
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Metaphysics
The study of what exists and what those things are like
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Aesthetics
Theory of Beauty, art, and the sublime
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Epistomology
(Knowledge) The study of knowledge
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Ethics/moral philosophy
Concerns of concepts right and wrong conduct
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What are the 3 areas of ethics
Metaethics, normative, and applied
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Meta ethics
Discusses the nature of morality
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Normative ethics
Theories that explain what make actions right and wrong
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Applied ethics
Application of normative theories to specific to specific cases
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What are the two tests for good reasoning?
Avoid false premises,use proper logic
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Premises can be true
And conclusions can be false
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Informed fallacies
A mistake in reasoning due to a misuse of language or verbal trickery
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Ad hominem
Attacking the person giving the argument rather than the statement or argument itself
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Appeal to popularity
assume that the popularity of an idea or action gives us reason to accept it as true or good
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False dilemma
A limited number of options (usually two) is given while in reality there are more options.
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Hasty generalization
Drawing a conclusion based on a small sample size rather than looking at statistics
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Begging the question
To assume the conclusion one is arguing for by making it both a premise and the conclusion. Also called circular reasoning
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Slippery slope
Applying that one small step in a particular direction will inevitably lead to some future catastrophic event
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Complex question
A question that contains a controversial or unjustified assumption. Also called "loaded question".
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Equivocation
A fallacy depending on the double meaning of a word
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Straw man
Attacking a weakened or distorted version of an argument, so it is easier to refute
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