Constitution Origins and Natural Rights – Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms related to the origins of the U.S. Constitution, natural rights, and colonial policy as discussed in the notes.

Contingent

Dependent on something else; conditions or events are contingent on other factors (e.g., the constitution forming from earlier events).

Natural rights

Inherent rights believed to come from nature or God, not from government; cannot be taken away by rulers.

Life (natural right)

The natural right to exist and be protected.

Liberty (natural right)

The natural right to freedom and personal autonomy.

Property (natural right)

The natural right to own and use land or goods; protection of ownership by government.

Second Treatise of Government

John Locke’s 1689 work arguing natural rights and that rulers cannot abolish them; foundational for social contract ideas.

English Bill of Rights (1689)

An English constitutional document limiting the monarchy’s powers and enumerating rights of subjects; influenced American constitutional ideas.

Glorious Revolution

The 1688-1689 overthrow of King James II in favor of William and Mary, leading to constitutional limits on the monarchy.

Invest in land

To acquire land by purchasing and improving it; property rights arise from labor and investment.

Property deed

A legal document proving ownership of land or property.

Common land

Land available for communal use that individuals may gain ownership of through investment and improvement.

Fiscal policy / Taxes on colonies

governmental revenue-raising measures (taxes/acts) on colonies that spurred protest and debates over representation.

Government’s purpose (Locke’s view)

To protect natural rights—life, liberty, and property—of citizens.