Module 3: Immunodeficiency and Allergic Disorders

Primary Immunodeficiency

It refers to a genetic condition that impairs the immune system and may be due to inheritance or mutation.

Improper development of the thymus gland leading to diminished production of T cells

What is the etiology of T cell affectation in primary immunodeficiency?

Hypogammaglobulinemia

It refers to a PID (B cell affectation) that usually leads to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.

Agammaglobulinemia

It refers to a PID (B cell affectation) that results in severe infections in early life, often deadly.

PI Kinase Disease

What PID involves genetic mutations that over-activate an important signaling pathway?

Severe Combined Immune Deficiency (SCID)

What PID refers to mutations in different genes involved in the development and function of lymphocytes?

True

True or False: In patients with PID, there is an increased risk of cancer as one of its complications.

False

True or False: In order to prevent infections in patients with PID, long-term antibiotics and live vaccines must be given.

Immunoglobulin therapy, Interferon-gamma therapy, growth factors

What are the different treatments given to patients with PID to boost the immune system?

AIDS

What is the best known secondary immune system disorder?

Hypersensitivity

It refers to an excessive or aberrant immune response to any type of stimulus.

Allergy

It refers to a hypersensitive reaction to an allergen initiated by immunologic mechanisms usually initiated by IgE antibodies.

Atopic

It is a type of allergic reaction that has the genetic predisposition to mount an IgE response to inhaled or ingested innocuous proteins,

Asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis

What are the conditions that belong to the atopic triad?

Type 1 (Anaphylaxis)

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is the most severe and is characterized by vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and eosinophilia?

Type 2 (Cytotoxic)

What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgG and IgM binding to cell-bound antigens, leading to complement activation due to mistaken self-identity?

Type 3 (Immune Complex)

What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves the formation and deposition of immune complexes in the kidney and joints, leading to acute inflammation?

Type 4 (Delayed)

What type of hypersensitivity occurs 1-3 days after antigen exposure and involves tissue damage from lymphokines, macrophages, and lysozymes?

True

True or False: Skin tests are not performed during periods of bronchospasm.

Anaphylaxis

It refers to a clinical response to an immediate immunologic reaction with symptoms that are sudden in onset and progress in severity over minutes to hours.