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What is the primary premise of Trait Theory?
Trait Theory seeks to understand individuals by breaking down behavior patterns into observable traits.
What are the Big Five personality traits?
The Big Five traits are Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
Who is associated with the Trait Theory that emphasizes healthy and organized aspects of behavior?
Gordon W. Allport is associated with this perspective of Trait Theory.
What are the three kinds of traits identified by Allport?
Cardinal traits, central traits, and secondary dispositions.
How does Eysenck categorize personality traits?
Eysenck categorizes traits into three factors: Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Psychoticism.
What is factor analysis?
Factor analysis is a statistical method used to identify underlying relationships between variables by reducing them into fewer common factors.
What is the method used to identify personality traits according to Raymond Cattell?
He sorted 4500 descriptive terms into clusters and identified 16 personality factors.
What does the term 'psychoticism' refer to in Eysenck's model?
Psychoticism refers to traits associated with aggressiveness, a lack of empathy, and antisocial tendencies.
What are the characteristics of people with high Conscientiousness according to the Big Five model?
They are organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented, and dependable.
What does the 'O' in OCEAN stand for in the Big Five model?
Openness, which describes traits like curiosity, originality, and creativity.
According to McCrae and Costa, how are traits viewed in relation to individual development?
Traits are seen as universal psychological structures that influence psychological development.
What is a criticism of Trait Theory regarding therapy?
There is no specific 'trait theory therapy' proposed despite its robust empirical foundation.
How does the Big Five relate to workplace performance?
Research suggests that the Big Five model, especially Conscientiousness, is useful in predicting job performance.
What did DeRaad and Peabody conclude about the Big Five across cultures?
They found that Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness are cross-lingually recurrent, whereas Neuroticism and Openness are less reliable.
What is Cattell's distinction between surface traits and source traits?
Surface traits are observable behaviors, while source traits are the underlying psychological structures that cause these behaviors.
What role does genetics play in the five-factor model according to McCrae and Costa?
They suggest that differences linked to the Big Five factors have a biological basis influenced by genetic factors.
What is one conclusion about conscientiousness from studies on health outcomes?
More conscientious individuals may live longer and engage in fewer risky behaviors.
What is the significance of the 'lie scale' in Eysenck’s personality assessments?
It helps to determine whether respondents are providing honest answers in self-reporting.
What does the term 'honesty/humility' refer to in the context of recent trait research?
It has been suggested as a potential sixth factor of personality, indicating the tendency to be truthful and sincere.
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