Anatomy of nervous system

Nervous system categories

the cns and pns

major plane sections

horizontal/ tranverse, sagittal, and coronal

sagittal

sees brain structure from the side

coronal

sees brain structure from the front

tranverse

sees brain structure from above

define dorsal and ventral

define proximal and distal

define ipsilateral and contralateral

define lateral and medial

define superior and inferior

define anterior posterior

meninges

membrane composed of dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater. it covers the whole cns and pns

csf

covers only the brain and the spinal cord. serves as cushions

choroid plexus

it synthesizes csf

blood circulations

cerebral ventricles, central canal, and subarachnoid space

blood supply

note that it is due to nutrients like glucose that brain has energy to function but it is through blood supply that nutrients are delivered

ventral roots

it receives information from axons of motor neurons

ventral horns

it is located in the gray matter inside the spinal cord, and the cell bodies (nuclei) are clustered here

dorsal root

receives info from axons of sensory neurons.

dorsal horns

not so important but it is located outside the gray matter nor white matter. it is outside the cns (out. spinal cord)

dorsal root ganglia

cluster of cell bodies outside the cns (out. spinal cord)

hindbrain

composed of medulla and metencephalon

metencephalon

pons, cerebellum, and medulla

medulla

reticular formation and cranial nerves

cerebellum

little brain, for movement and balance (motor)

pons

cochlear nucleus for hearing, vestibular nuc for balance, position, movement of head., raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus resembling reticular formation’s functions

tectum and tegmentum

mindbrain

tectum

roof

tegmentum

covering

tectum has colliculi

inferior and superior

tegmentum

p. gray for pain, red nuclei for motor information between spinal cord and cerebellum., substantia nigra

forebrain

diencephalon and telencephalon

diencephalon

thalamus and hypothalamus

thalamus and hypothalamus

hypothalamus

regulates motivated behaviors like sleeping, feeding, temperature regulation, sexual behaviors. it is below the thalamus and it is under diencephalon

hypothalamus structures

pituitary gland, optic chasm, and mamillary bodies

thalamus description

two larged lobes that consist of most the sensory systems of the body. it communicates with cerebral cortex (telencephalon) about the sensory information

telencephalon matter

white matter and gray matter

differences among gyri, sulci, and fissures

differences among longitudinal fissure and central and lateral fissure

lobes has functional areas

association, motor, and sensory cortex

corpus callosum and anterior commisure

the cerebral commisure that connects the left and right hemisphere

limbic system components

amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, fornix, mamillary bodies, and septal area

basal ganglia

it is for voluntary movement. theres something wrong here for people with ADHD

somatic and autonomic describe

sympathetic and parasymphathetic describe

sympathetic is in the region of thoracic and lumbar

parasymp., is in the region of brain and sacral