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Nervous system categories
the cns and pns
major plane sections
horizontal/ tranverse, sagittal, and coronal
sagittal
sees brain structure from the side
coronal
sees brain structure from the front
tranverse
sees brain structure from above
define dorsal and ventral
define proximal and distal
define ipsilateral and contralateral
define lateral and medial
define superior and inferior
define anterior posterior
meninges
membrane composed of dura mater, arachnoid membrane, and pia mater. it covers the whole cns and pns
csf
covers only the brain and the spinal cord. serves as cushions
choroid plexus
it synthesizes csf
blood circulations
cerebral ventricles, central canal, and subarachnoid space
blood supply
note that it is due to nutrients like glucose that brain has energy to function but it is through blood supply that nutrients are delivered
ventral roots
it receives information from axons of motor neurons
ventral horns
it is located in the gray matter inside the spinal cord, and the cell bodies (nuclei) are clustered here
dorsal root
receives info from axons of sensory neurons.
dorsal horns
not so important but it is located outside the gray matter nor white matter. it is outside the cns (out. spinal cord)
dorsal root ganglia
cluster of cell bodies outside the cns (out. spinal cord)
hindbrain
composed of medulla and metencephalon
metencephalon
pons, cerebellum, and medulla
medulla
reticular formation and cranial nerves
cerebellum
little brain, for movement and balance (motor)
pons
cochlear nucleus for hearing, vestibular nuc for balance, position, movement of head., raphe nuclei and locus coeruleus resembling reticular formation’s functions
tectum and tegmentum
mindbrain
tectum
roof
tegmentum
covering
tectum has colliculi
inferior and superior
tegmentum
p. gray for pain, red nuclei for motor information between spinal cord and cerebellum., substantia nigra
forebrain
diencephalon and telencephalon
diencephalon
thalamus and hypothalamus
thalamus and hypothalamus
hypothalamus
regulates motivated behaviors like sleeping, feeding, temperature regulation, sexual behaviors. it is below the thalamus and it is under diencephalon
hypothalamus structures
pituitary gland, optic chasm, and mamillary bodies
thalamus description
two larged lobes that consist of most the sensory systems of the body. it communicates with cerebral cortex (telencephalon) about the sensory information
telencephalon matter
white matter and gray matter
differences among gyri, sulci, and fissures
differences among longitudinal fissure and central and lateral fissure
lobes has functional areas
association, motor, and sensory cortex
corpus callosum and anterior commisure
the cerebral commisure that connects the left and right hemisphere
limbic system components
amygdala, hippocampus, cingulate cortex, fornix, mamillary bodies, and septal area
basal ganglia
it is for voluntary movement. theres something wrong here for people with ADHD
somatic and autonomic describe
sympathetic and parasymphathetic describe
sympathetic is in the region of thoracic and lumbar
parasymp., is in the region of brain and sacral
