hardy-weinberg principle

define the hardy Weinberg principle

outlines necessary conditions for genetic equilibrium

define allelic frequency

how often a particular allele occurs in a population

define gene pool

all of the possible alleles that exist in a population

what are the conditions necessary to maintain genetic equilibrium?

no mutations, individuals may neither leave nor enter a population, large population, individuals mate randomly/non selectively,no natural selection

define emigration

leaving

define immigration

entering

define gene flow

movement of genes from one population to another

define genetic drift

a change in the allelic frequency of a small population brought about by chance, caused by founders effect or bottleneck effect

define founders effect

populations started by a few pioneering individuals moving into a new region

define bottleneck effect

a small group of surviving members of a population breeding together

why can genetic equilibrium never exist?

allelic frequencies are never in equilibrium, gene pools change over time, phenotypes frequencies are change

what can the hardy Weinberg mathematical formula be used for?

to predict allele frequencies and genotype frequencies in a population

what does the p stand for in the formula

frequency of dominant allele in population

what does the q stand for in the formula

frequency of recessive alleles in population

what does the p² stand for in the formula

frequency of homozygous dominant genotype

what does the 2pq stand for in the formula

frequency of heterozygous genotype in population

what does the q² stand for in the formula

frequency of homozygous recessive genotype in population