Government State Test

Political processes

acquisition of power and influencing decision making

Public policy processes

institutional actions involved with government carrying out its functions

Civic engagement

apply information literacy, problem -solving and communication skills to address societal problems

Political parties

organizations whose members hold similar views - seek to determine public policy through winning elections and public office

Interest groups

organizations whose members hold similar views - seek to influence public policy through the political and public policy processes

Media

means of mass communication

Political parties and interest groups

use media to influence the political and public policy processes

Popular sovereignty

authority derived from the people; consent of governed

Limited government

government can only exercise powers granted to it; according to the rule of law

Federalism

power is divided between a central authority and constituent units (national government and states)

Separation of powers

distribution of powers among independent branches

Checks and balances

controlling government power - branches can restrain actions of other branches

Federalists

supporters of ratification of U.S. Constitution

Anti-Federalists

against ratification of the Constitution

Researching a civic issue

determining which sources of info are relevant, identifying the perspective, evaluating credibility of sources

Public records

county tax records, state agency report, Congressional Record

Research data

may originate with universities to research institutes

Advocacy groups

produce literature websites that outlines positions on public policy issues

Credibility of sources

qualifications of writer; circumstances in which sources material was generated; internal consistency and agreement with other credible sources; use of supporting evidence; bias assumptions

Persuasion

inducing others into accepting a point of view through reasoning and argumentation

Compromise

making concessions

Consensus building

working towards achieving general agreement

Negotiation

settling differences through discussion of issues

Federalists / Bill of Rights

Federalists agreed to include a Bill of Rights in order to get the Constitution ratified

Bill of Rights

first 10 Amendments

Article I

Legislative Branch

Article II

Executive Branch

Article III

Judicial Branch

Article IV

Federalism

Article V

Amending the Constitution

Article VI

Supremacy Clause

Article VII

Ratification

Judicial Review

Supreme Court has declared actions of other branches unconstitutional

Reconstruction Amendments

Civil War Amendments 13-15

Progressive Era Amendments

16-19

Suffrage Amendments

15, 19, 24, 26

Presidential Amendments

12, 20, 22, 23, 25

Amendments under unique historical circumstances

11, 21, 27

11th Amendment

Limits jurisdiction of federal courts; proposed after Chisholm v. Georgia

12th Amendment

separate ballots for President and Vice President, avoid a tie like in 1800

13th Amendment

abolish slavery

14th Amendment

gave African Americans citizenship (defined citizens)

15th Amendment

extended right to vote to African Americans

16th Amendment

Federal income tax

17th Amendment

direct elections of Senators, avoid corruption

18th Amendment

outlaws alcohol

19th Amendment

Women's suffrage

20th Amendment

Lame duck amendment, shortened time between election and taking office

21st Amendment

Repealed 18th Amendment, allowed alcohol again

22nd Amendment

President has two terms of four years; following FDR four term presidency

23rd Amendment

Washington DC gets electoral votes for president

24th Amendment

outlaws poll taxes

25th Amendment

Presidential succession; after LBJ, who had heart problems took office for JFK

26th Amendment

Voting age goes from 21 to 18

27th Amendment

Congress cannot give themselves pay raises

Public policy

Course of action a government takes in response to some issue or problem

Legislative Branch

makes laws

Executive Branch

Enforces laws

Judicial Branch

Interpret laws

Legislative checks on executive branch

impeachment, approval of appointments, veto override

Legislative checks on judicial branch

creation of lower courts, determine jurisdiction, approve appointments to court

Executive checks on legislative branch

vetoes, convene Congress

Executive checks on judicial branch

appoint judges

Judicial checks on legislative branch

ruling unconstitutional

Judicial checks on executive branch

ruling unconstitutional

Fiscal policies

Money/Economy related

Expansionary fiscal policy

increased government spending

Contractionary fiscal policy

decreased government spending

Ohio Government

Constitution of 1851 addressed problems of original Ohio constitution

General Assembly

Ohio's Congress

Original Ohio Constitution

General Assembly (Congress) appointed high ranking judicial and executive officers; governor had little power

Constitution of 1851

Major executive officials and all judges elected by the people; laws required to be uniform throughout state; banned poll taxes

Ohio Constitution Articles

1- Bill of Rights, 2- Legislative Branch, 3- Executive Branch, 4- Judicial Branch

Executive of Ohio Gov

Governor

Northwest Ordinance

document created temporary government in Northwest Territory

Territory request admission to statehood

reaches 60,000 people