General characteristics of human pathogenic protozoa, groups of human protozoal infections.

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4 Terms

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General Characteristics

  • Unicellular Eukaryotes

  • lack a cell wall

  • require a moist environment

  • They can exist as Trophozoites (active, feeding stage) or Cysts (dormant, infective stage).

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Living in body cavities

– Blastocystis (diarrhoea)

– Entamoeba (dysenteria, abscesses)

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Living in tissues

– Plasmodium (malaria)

– Pneumocystis (pneumonia)

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Groups of Human Protozoal Infections

  • Amebae (Sarcodina): Move by pseudopods (e.g., Entamoeba histolytica - Amebiasis).

  • Flagellates (Mastigophora): Move by flagella (e.g., Giardia lamblia - Giardiasis; Trypanosoma - African Sleeping Sickness).

  • Sporozoa (Apicomplexa): Non-motile in adult stage, complex life cycles often involving vectors (e.g., Plasmodium - Malaria).

  • Ciliates (Ciliophora): Move by cilia (e.g., Balantidium coli).