Orgo (acids and bases)

HCl

strong acid

HNO3

strong acid

H2SO4

strong acid

HBr

strong acid

HI

strong acid

HI

strong acid

HClO4

strong acid

HClO3

strong acid

HO2C2O2H

weak acid

H2SO3

weak acid

H3PO4

weak acid

HNO2

weak acid

C6H5COOH

weak acid

CH3COOH

weak acid

HCOOH

weak acid

strong acids

Completely ionize in water

weak acids

partially ionize in water

low pKa

strong acid

high pKa

weak acid

strong acid = conj base

WEAK

weak acid = conj base

STRONG

where does the equilibrium lie?

on the WEAK side

what’s the stability of the conj base of a strong acid?

strong stability b/c the weaker the conj base the more stable

factors that influence LP stability

atoms, resonance, induction, orbital

if o and s we're being compared, which would be more stable?

s because it is LARGER than O

if o and n we’re being compared which one would be more stable?

O because it’s more EN than N

when picking reagents, which side should EQ lie?

right side

acids stronger than H3O+

CAN NOT BE IN WATER

bases stronger than OH-

CAN NOT BE IN WATER

leveling effect for bases

the base CAN NOT be stronger than conj base

leveling effect for acids

the acid CAN NOT be stronger than conj acid

bronsted-lowery acid

proton donor

bronsted-lowery base

proton acceptor

lewis acid

lone pair acceptor

lewis base

lone pair donor

are all Bronstedt-Lowry acids/bases Lewis acids/bases?

yes

are all Lewis acids/bases Bronstedt-Lowry acids or bases?

no

pka>pH

acid is protonated (acid is favored and doesn’t donate- not ionized)

pka<pH

acid id deprotonated (acid is ionized BASE is favored)

how many ionizable groups do Polyprotic acids have?

1+

buffers

contain similar amounts of both weak acids and its conj base

strong acid added to buffer

strong acid ionizes, buffer base decreases, but buffer acid increases

strong bases added to buffer

strong base ionizes in water decreasing amnt of buffer acid but inc the amount of buffer base

buffer acid

WEAKER than H3O+ but STRONGER than H2O

buffer base

WEAKER than OH- but STRONGER than H2O

acid = base

pKa = pH

acid > base

pka > pH

base > pKa

pH > pKa

lower limit of buffer base/acid

1/10

upper limit acid/base

10

strong acid titrated w/strong base

pH = 7 (equivalence pt)

strong base titrated w/strong acid

pH = 7 (equivalence pt)

weak acid titrated w/strong base

pH > 7 at equivalence pt

½ EQ for weak acid/ weak bases

pH = pKa

weak base titrated w/strong acid

pH < 7 @ equivalence pt