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Human Development Index (HDI)
A numerical way of measuring the development of a country that looks at demographic, social and economic factors
More Developed Countries (MDCs)
A Country that has progressed further along the UN HDI continuum (.8-1.0)
Less Developed Countries (LDCs)
A Country that has made some progress along the UN HDI continuum but its progress is less compared to other nations (0-.6)
Urbanization
The process in which people move from rural areas to those with higher population densities
Central Business District (CBD)
Symbolic center of a city for business and entertainment. Can be found by its tall and modern buildings
Squatter Settlements
Less developed areas of a city where people live illegally - often these are for new migrants to cities who can’t afford to live anywhere else. Seen on the edges of many megacities
Suburbs
Residential areas located around the city. People often live in the suburbs and commute to the CBD for work
Ethnic enclaves
an area of a city or region that has a distinctive ethnic identity that is different than the surrounding areas
Commercial Zone
Where people work and businesses are located (offices, stores)
Residential Zone
Where people live (houses, townhomes and apartments are located there)
Industrial Zone
Where things are made and factories are located (also warehouses)
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)
an area with a central city that has 50,000 people or more
Megacity
a city that has more than 10 million (10,000,000) people in it
World Cities
Cities that have an influence on culture or finance that is more important than their population size
New Urbanism
a planning and development approach based on the principles of: walkable blocks and streets, housing and shopping in close proximity, and accessible public spaces.
Urban renewal
When the government takes old parts of a city and tears them down to build new, modern buildings (could be residential/housing) or for businesses.
Gentrification
When private individuals or businesses take low income parts of a city and rebuild them to try to attract more high income residents.
Heat Islands
A condition where the urban area can be warmer than the surrounding areas due to human activities
Placelessness
Similar design styles and construction materials as well as architecture styles mean that places often look similar all over the world causes a loss of a sense of community
Sprawl
When suburbs keep growing further and further from city centers they take up more and more rural land
Smart Growth
city planners pass laws to design and plan for sustainable city growth
Zoning Laws
Laws that specify what kind of development is allowed where (ex. residential, commercial, industrial)
Green spaces
undeveloped sections within a city or on its outskirts where people can enjoy nature and relaxation
Commuter roads
large roads, highways, or freeways that are designed to get people into and out of the city as quickly as possible
Grid organization
Streets are arranged on a grid (usually North/South - East/West) to make finding absolute locations easier
Site Factors
the physical characteristics of a place considered when deciding where to locate an industry
Situation Factors
where to put an industry as it relates to nearby factors, especially transportation
Agglomeration
When businesses locate close together to take advantage of supply networks and infrastructure to lower their transportation costs
Range
The maximum distance a person will travel to purchase something
Threshold
The minimum number of people to support a service
Note
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