(W3) Tetrick+Winslow, 2015

Workplace stress management interventions and health promotion

Top 5 causes of workplace stress

1. low salaires

2. lack of opportunities for growth

3. job insecurity

4. uncertain/ undefined job expectations

5. long hours

job demands-resources model (JD-R)

dual process model: job demands and resources can lead to exhaustion or motivation which affects the organisation and the indiv

JD-R first process

=health impairment process

poorly designed jobs and chronic demands results in poor outcomes for employees and organisations through depletion of mental and physical resources

second process JD-R

=motivational process

resources can function as motivators to the extent that they are instrumental in attaining work goals or they promote growth and developnment

resources → work engagement → better outcomes for employees and organisations

JD-R model (pic)

STRESS MANAGEMENT INTERVENTION»

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primary intervention

proactive and prevention oriented, focusing on all employees (systems apporach)

secondary interventions

focus on employees at risk, trying to eliminate risk factors

tertiary interventions

focus on people in distress and need of recovery

hierarchy of effectiveness

primary interventions were most effective and tertiary least

relaxation interventions

less effective than cognitive behavioral interventions

CB interventions are more proactive and change cognitions → more useful in restoring and enhancing personal resources and reframing demands

systems approach interventions

incorporate both individual and organisation levels

more useful than multimodal techniques (multiple interventions at an individual level) because these require a lot from an individual

more useful than just targeting one (indiv or orga)

mindfulness based interventions

here primary intervention

relieve stress and facilitate adaptive responding to stressful events in employees because they teach you to accept and experience things in a non-judgemental way

recovery interventions

promote processes and experiences to alleviate the negative effects of work stress

workplace wellnss programs

stress management programs are often secondary or tertiary interventions while wellness is primary

focus can be on:

• communication and awareness

• screening and assessment

• education and lifestyle

• behavior change and support

positive psychology workplace interventions

focus on positive things and incr positive aspects of wellbeing instead of decr negative

advantage : people can do it individually

psychological capital: self efficacy, optimism, hope, and resilience, training interventions incr these are effective