Exam Review - Short Answer

Grade 11u Biology

Why would a dog and a wolf be members of the same genus

A dog and a wolf are in the same genus, Canis, because they have similar physical features, behaviors, and genetic makeup, and they can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

What is a coelom and of what importance is it

A coelom is a fluid-filled body cavity completely lined with mesoderm, separating it from the ectoderm, which forms the outer body and nervous system, and the endoderm, which lines the digestive tract and internal organs, allowing space for organ development, movement, and shock absorption.

what basic body plan symmetries are there. give examples of animals that exhibit them and any other details you feel are important

Animals can have asymmetry (no symmetry, like sponges), radial symmetry (body parts around a central axis, like jellyfish), or bilateral symmetry (two mirror-image halves, like humans), with each suited to their lifestyle and movement.

Describe how the following move: amoebas, paramecium, euglena

Amoebas move using pseudopodia (extensions of their cytoplasm).

Paramecium move using tiny hair-like structures called cilia.

Euglena move using a whip-like tail called a flagellum.

identify the three types of biodiversity

Genetic Diversity: The variety of genes within a species, ensuring adaptability and survival.

Species Diversity: The variety of different species in an ecosystem.

Ecosystem Diversity: The variety of habitats, environments, and interactions between organisms in an area.

Describe an example of species diversity near your home

deer and moose, and plants like jack pine and birch trees.

describe an area with limited biodiversity

a desert, where only a few species of plants and animals, like cacti and lizards, can survive due to harsh conditions

describe a scenario in which diversity is being affected by humans (positively or negatively)

Humans harm diversity with deforestation, cutting trees and destroying habitats. They help diversity with reforestation, planting trees to bring animals and plants back.

what role do humans play in affecting this diversity? Explain how they are negatively or positively impacting diversity and what type od diversity are they impacting

Negatively: Cutting down forests, polluting water, and hunting animals harm species diversity and ecosystem diversity, reducing the variety of life.

Positively: Protecting endangered animals, planting trees, and reducing pollution help improve species diversity and restore ecosystems

most protists are single celled organisms; why are they not classified as bacteria?

Protists are eukaryotic: They have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Bacteria are prokaryotic: They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

what is a symbiotic relationship? describe an example using a fungus

A symbiotic relationship is when two organisms live closely together and help or depend on each other.

A lichen is a partnership between a fungus and algae. The fungus gives shelter, and the algae make food for the fungus.

state and describe 2 adaptations that plants have for living on land

Waxy cuticle: A waterproof layer on leaves prevents water loss.

Roots: Anchor the plant in soil and absorb water and nutrients.

what are the essential features of all animals

Multicellular: Made of many cells.

Eukaryotic: Cells have a nucleus.

Heterotrophic: Eat other organisms for energy.

No cell walls: Cells are flexible for movement.

Reproduction: Most reproduce sexually.

What is the role of the liver in the digestive system

The liver makes bile to digest fats, processes nutrients, and removes toxins from the blood.

how does digestion start prior to even swallowing our food

Digestion starts with chewing food and saliva breaking it down with enzymes like amylase.

what is the difference in meaning between the terms diastole and systole

Systole is when the heart muscles contract to pump blood, and diastole is when they relax to fill with blood.

explain why the movement of food or liquids along the digestive tract continues whether you are standing up, lying down, or hanging upside down from a trapeze

The movement of food or liquids continues because of peristalsis, which are wave-like muscle contractions in the digestive tract that push food forward, regardless of body position.

(using complete sentences) if amylase is able to break down starch, why must it be produced in the pancreas as well as in the salivary glands

Amylase must be produced in both the pancreas and salivary glands because digestion starts in the mouth but continues in the small intestine, where pancreatic amylase further breaks down starch into simpler sugars.

What problems do you think the small number of babies in which the opening does not seal off would have

babies may have poor oxygen delivery because oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood mix. This can lead to shortness of breath, fatigue, and slower growth and development due to insufficient oxygen reaching the body's tissues.

Even though the superior and inferior venae cava deliver blood directly to the heart, they can be said to be the blood vessels that are the farthest from the heart with respect to the effects of blood pressure on the movement within them. explain the meaning of this statement

The superior and inferior venae cavae are far from the heart, so blood pressure is low, and blood moves through them with help from muscles and valves, not the heart's pumping.

list the labels to describe the path of an incoming oxygen molecule: alvelous, bronchiole, bronchus, epiglottis, glottis, nasal cavity, nostril, pharynx, respiratory exchange surface, trachea.

1. Nostril

2. Nasal cavity

3. Pharynx

4. Glottis

5. Epiglottis

6. Trachea

7. Bronchus

8. Bronchiole

9. Alveolus

10. Respiratory exchange surface

groups of organs with specific structures and functions work together as systems which interact with other systems in the body, analyze how the digestive interacts with the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

The digestive system breaks down food for nutrients, the respiratory system adds oxygen to the blood, and the cardiovascular system delivers both to cells for energy.

Similarities between: haploid-diploid, physical-chemical digestion, virus-bacteria, mitosis-meiosis, chromatin-chromatid, eukaryotic-prokaryotic, diastole-systole

• Haploid-Diploid: Both refer to the number of sets of chromosomes in a cell; haploid has one set, and diploid has two.

• Physical-Chemical Digestion: Both are processes that help break down food so the body can absorb nutrients.

• Virus-Bacteria: Both are microorganisms, but viruses need a host to reproduce, while bacteria can reproduce on their own.

• Mitosis-Meiosis: Both are types of cell division, but mitosis results in two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically different cells.

• Chromatin-Chromatid: Chromatin is the relaxed form of DNA, and chromatid is the condensed form during cell division.

• Eukaryotic-Prokaryotic: Both are types of cells, but eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not.

• Diastole-Systole: Both are phases of the heartbeat; diastole is when the heart relaxes and fills with blood, and systole is when it contracts to pump blood out.

why did mendel choose the garden pea plant to work with

because they grow quickly, have easily observable traits, and can be easily controlled for breeding.